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1、单项选择之动词一、系动词系动词be 系动词不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，称作“系表结构”，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。I am a teacher. 我是一名老师。There be结构,易出错例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon.A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have 答案：A感官系动词 感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste, This kind of cloth feels very sof
2、t. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样.变化系动词主要有 become, grow, turn, get,例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay等例如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter res
3、ts a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像 ”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。二、情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答can can not / cannot /cant docould能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）couldnt doCan you swim?Yes, I can.No, I cant.may may no
4、t do May I go now? Yes,you may.No,you mustnt/cant.might可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中） might not do /must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt do 禁止，不准Must I finish the work now? Yes,you must.No,you neednt/You dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDo you have to go?Yes,I do. No
5、,I dont.used to 过去常常（现在已不再） didnt use to doDiduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。 must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情 1. must“肯定，一定 ”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. 2. can/may /might/could/
6、“也许”， He may not be at home. It might/could be Jims hat. He often wears a blue hat.The weather in that city could be cold now.III. 情态动词注意点：can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功” ，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。三、 （非）延续性动词延续性动词：how long，since ，for ，等所在肯定句 中的主句谓语要用延续性动词( 以下划线部分)： We
7、have been in Jinan for ten years.How long may I keep this book? Ive lived here since 2002.但否定句中可用短暂性动词，如下面的see与leave：I havent seen you for a long time. 另外，请观察以下短暂性动词转换成延续性动词的常见表达：lose be lost. start / begin to dodo go offbe off join be instart, beginbe on turn onbe on move to live in put onwearendbe
8、 over get, buyhave, own borrowkeepdiebe dead go outbe out fall asleepbe asleepfinishbe over get upbe up marrybe married comebe here returnbe back sleepbe asleeparrive in, get to, reachbe in, stay in leave, go away (from)be away (from)get / become + adj be + adj. open(动词，“打开”) be open(形容词 ，表状态)close(
9、动词，“关闭”)be closed(过去分词，表状态) 如以下例子的划线部分(并注意黑体部分的变化 )：The dog died five hours ago. The dog has been dead for five hours.I lost my dictionary two weeks ago. My dictionary has been lost since two weeks ago.He began to teach English last year. .He has taught English for one year.Lucy arrived in Beijing t
10、he day before yesterday. Lucy has been in Beijing for two days.I bought this bike six months ago. I have had this book since six months ago.My friend borrowed the book last month. My friend has kept the book for a month.He left Beijing in 1990. He has been away from Beijing since 1990.走进中考：(2011 济南)
11、 54. How long have you _ the job? For only a week. A. find B. lost C. had D. start （2012 济南）41. Do you know Tom? Sure, we have _in the same village for many years.A. left B. lived C. come D. gone（2013 济南）54. How long has Robert _? Since 2004.A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art
12、 club D. studied in this school（2014 济南）48. How long have your parents _? For about 15 years.A. left their hometown B. got to JinanC. joined the pingpong club D. worked in this city四、常用跟不定式的动词表动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分.一、作主语 （1）动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数.例如： To do morning exercises is u
13、seful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康. To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任.（2）如果动词不定式太长,常常用 it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语动词不定式后置.例如： It took me half an hour to walk there我走到那儿花了半小时的时间.Its important for us to learn English well对我们来说,学好英语是重要的.二、作宾语 （1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 want, need, expect, decide, , fail,
14、hope, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, wish,seem 及 would like/love 等动词,I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地. The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车.（2）动词不定式与名等词构成复合宾语时,通常要用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置.例如： I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我认为遵守法律是我们的义务 . I found it
15、 difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的.三、作补足语 （1）某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语；在被动式中,由于原来的宾语变成了主语,故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语.这类动词常用的有 want,ask, expect, tell, encourage,allow,warn, wish,invite等.例如：They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了.He was told not to be late again. She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday昨天她请我一起进餐.四、和疑问词连用：不定式前可用what,who,which,where
