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1、1civilise v文明化；教化civilisation n文明civilised adj.文明的2ruin n残垣断壁，废墟ruinous adj.毁灭性的ruinously adv.毁灭地3dismiss v拒绝考虑，否定dismissal n摒弃；不予考虑dismissive adj.轻蔑的4abandon v离弃，逃离abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的abandonment n离弃；遗弃1bury v将埋在下面，覆盖；埋葬，安葬，丧失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把插入The house was buried under ten feet of snow.覆盖Shes 85
2、and has buried three husbands.丧失He had learnt to bury his feelings.掩藏He walked slowly，his hands buried in his pockets.插入2abandon v离弃，逃离；遗弃，抛弃；舍弃；中止；放弃(信念等)He gave the order to abandon the ship.舍弃They abandoned the match because of rain.中止Critics accused him of abandoning his principles.放弃This is a b
3、aby abandoned by its parents.遗弃Words and Phrasescorrespond v相一致；符合；类似于；相当于；通信教材P50Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.通过比较，他发现117个已知玛雅城市的位置与恒星的位置相对应。例1Your account of the event does not correspond with/to hers.你对事情的陈述与她
4、说的不相符。例2The two maps of London correspond closely.这两张伦敦的地图很相似。造句 他的行为与观点不一致。His actions do not correspond with/to his ideas.知识拓展(1)correspond with/to与相一致；符合correspond with 与通信(2)corresponding adj. 相应的，相关联的即学即练单句语法填空The translation does not quite correspond to/with the original.You will allow me to c
5、onsider that I correspond with him through you.March and April sales this year were up 8 per cent on the corresponding(correspond)period of last year.bury v埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩盖，遮盖教材P50Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.基于此，他相信他发现了一个埋在丛林深处的未知的玛雅城市。例
6、1The pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it.海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里，可后来却没能取走。例2Hed had to bury his pain over the years.他不得不将痛苦掩藏多年。造句狗把骨头埋在花园里。The dog buried its bone in the garden.知识拓展(1)bury ones head/face in ones hands 用手捂住头/脸bury oneself inbe buried in 埋头于；专心于(2)be buried
7、 in thought 沉思即学即练单句语法填空Buried(bury)in his study，he wasnt aware that all the others had left.Burying (bury)his face in his hands，he tried to control his weeping.小片段填空The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in her hands.So she did not notice the thief who stood beside her with
8、his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.apply vi.申请；适用；请求 vt.申请；应用教材P50They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar，which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year.他们把这种理解应用到玛雅历法中，精确到每年30秒以内。例1The new technology was applied to farming.这项新技术被应用于农业。例2We should try to learn econom
9、ic theory and apply it.我们应努力学习经济理论并能应用。造句这个规则并不能适用于所有的情况。You can not apply this rule to every case.知识拓展(1)apply(to.)for (向)申请apply to do sth. 申请去做某事apply to 适用于(to为介词)apply.to. 把应用于apply oneself to 致力于，集中精力于(2)application n. 请求；申请，申请表；应用applicant n. 申请人即学即练单句语法填空We should apply what we learnt to the
10、 construction of our country.When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(applicant)to attend the opening ceremony.Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I se
11、nt in all the paperwork needed for the application(apply)小片段填空Since last year，I have been applying myself to studying(study) the latest technology about planting.I think that we should not only know the theory but also how to apply it to practice.These new technology，if applied(apply)to farming，will
12、 help increase the grain output.I have applied for a fulltime job in the village.To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants(apply)decline vi.下降；衰弱，衰退；谢绝，婉言拒绝教材P51Yet，within just a couple of generations，it began to mysteriously decline.然而，仅仅几代人之后，它就开始神秘地衰落。例1The economy continued to exhib
13、it signs of decline in September.9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。例2This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.这种随着时间流逝的活力衰退就叫作衰老。造句他的健康状况最近开始恶化。His health has begun to decline recently.知识拓展(1)a decline in.在(方面)的下降in declineon the decline 处于衰退中，下降(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事decline by/to. 下降了/下
14、降到即学即练单句语法填空I dont know why the boy declined to answer (answer)a question.The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year to 5 million.小片段填空With his bonus on the decli
15、ne，he decided to stay at home and declined to have(have)a holiday.claim v声称；断言；要求(拥有)；索取；认领 n声明；宣称；断言；(尤指对财产、土地等要求拥有的)所有权；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔教材P51When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches，the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.当欧洲人在16世纪初来到中美洲索要其财富时，剩下的玛雅人就住在小的定居点里。例1Now they are returning
