热点11 语法填空【命题趋势】在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征作为高考新题型的语法填空试题，近年高考英语该题型具有下面这些特点：文章以记叙文和说明文为主，文章长度控制在190～220词，10道题中，有6～7个试题给出提示词，要求考生；考查的要点分为词法和语法两部分，词法部分包括：1)词类的转换，结合语境考查给出的提示词的名词、形容词或副词变化；2)介词的固定搭配，名词的复数形式及运用；语法部分包括：时态和语态的综合运用，非谓语动词，各种从句等 从近年课标卷的语法填空试题看，给出提示词的考点主要包括：词类的转换(名词与动词的转换，形容词与副词的转换）；形容词比较级与最高级的变化；名词单复数的变化；动词的时态语态、情态动词和虚拟语气、谓语动词与非谓语动词的变化等给出提示词考点多为实词，所填写的词汇根据语境和短文或对话内容可以是1～3个单词挖空分布均匀，考点的安排注重多样化。
不给提示词的考点主要包括：连词（并列连词和从属连词）、介词（动词与介词的搭配、介词与名词的搭配、代词和冠词等满分技巧】当句子缺少谓语动词时， 括号中的动词就是谓语动词此时，要根据语境确定用哪种时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态具体解题技巧如下：第一步：确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语，如缺谓语动词，则填谓语动词第二步：若为谓语动词，就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定用主动语态还是被动语态，同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态第三步：要注意主谓一致当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式如作主语或宾语，就用动名词 (表一般意义)或不定式形式(表具体意义)；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词形式如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide, refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等 第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系 第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式解题技巧】 当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境，理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通，就很可能填该词的比较级(或最高级)；若需要用与该词意义相反的词逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀注意：要善于分析语境，辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定所给词在句子中作定语还是状语第二步：根据结构、语境或句子意义确定是填比较级还是最高级当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。
具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类注意：1. 有时不但要注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了热点话题】哲理故事类、科技环保类、社会现象类限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A（2020届山东省潍坊一中高考考前模拟（三））话题：这是一篇说明文主要说明了联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆首都巴库举行的第43届会议上，于周六宣布中国良渚遗址为世界遗产难度：★★建议用时：6分阅读下面文，在空处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式China’s Liangzhu Archaeological Site ____36____(declare) on the list of World Heritage sites on Saturday by UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.The site, ____37____is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China’s eastern Zhejiang Province, showcases the civilization of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3,300 B.C. ____38____ 2,300 B.C. The ruins of ancient Liangzhu city were discovered in 2007, and then large dam sites ____39____(surround) the Liangzhu ancient city were unearthed continuously after 2009. It was ____40____ (official) submitted lo UNESCO in 2019, hoping to win _____41_____ (recognize) as a World Cultural Heritage Site. The site ____42____ (include) archaeological remains and unearthed cultural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers ____43____ area of 908. 89 hectares in a plain river network. It is also found that the Liangzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5 ,000 years ago, 1 ,000 years ____44____ (early) than previously thought, according to Colin Renfrew, a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cambridge.The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list_______45_______ (encourage) better protection of the site, considered to be of “outstanding universal value” to humanity.B（2020届上海师范大学附属中学高三下学期第二次阶段测试）话题：本文是一篇记叙文，记述了 David Attenborough在达沃斯等论坛发言，呼吁各国领导行动起来，保护地球。
难度：★★建议用时：6分Voice for the PlanetIts the voice you notice first. In person, David Attenborough speaks in the same awestruck hush he has used in dozens of nature documentaries, a crisp half whisper ____1____ is often imitated but seldom matched. Sitting in his home in the Richmond neighbourhood of west London for one in a series of conversations, I feel obliged to drink ____2____ second cup of tea when he offers. It somehow seems wrong to say no. In his native U. K. Attenborough is held in the kind of respect usually ____3____ (reserve) for royalty. Over decades - first as a television executive, then as a wildlife filmmaker and recently as a kind of elder statesman for the planet -- he has achieved near saintly（圣人的）status. He was knighted（封为骑士）by the Queen in 1985 and ____4____ (usually refer) to as Sir David.Attenborough pioneered a style of wildlife film-making that brought viewers to remote landscapes and gave them a close perspective on the wonders of nature. In the autumn of his life, Attenborough has largely moved away from ____5____ these films are made but lends his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers his storytelling abilities to wildlife documentaries in collaboration with filmmakers he has mentored. His most famous work, the 2006 BBC series Planet Earth, set a benchmark in the use of high-definition cameras and had a budget equal to ____6____ of a Hollywood movie. Amon。