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1、 初高中英语衔接(二)词类复习一、了解英语词性知识【学生活动】朗读下列短文并试着说出短文中每个单词的词性。Dr. Bird has run the hospital for 12 years , and he has saved the lives of many pets. Dr. Bird says that there will soon be many more traveling hospitals to help sick or injured animals.【学生归纳】英语中常见的词性有:_二、了解词类(parts of speech)知识【学生活动】从上文中找出相应的单词完成
2、下列空格。1. 名词(noun,缩写为 n.)是人和事物的名称, _2. 代词(pronoun,缩写为 pron.)是用来代替名词的词, _3. 形容词(adjective ,缩写为 adj.)用来修饰名词, _4. 动词(verb ,缩写为 v.)表示动作和状态, _5. 副词(adverb,缩写为 adv.)是修饰动词、形容词和副词的词 _6. 冠词(article,缩写为 art.)_ 7. 介词(preposition ,缩写为 prep.)_8. 连词(conjunction,缩写为 conj.)是连接词、短语、从句和句子的词, _【注意】前五类(名、代、形、动、副等词)的词都有实义
3、,叫做实词(notional word) 。后四类(冠、介、连词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词(form word) 。【配套练习一】请说出下文中各个单词的词性并且归类。Mr. Brown,I am Mike. I am sorry to tell you that I was/felt ill. This morning I went to see a doctor and he told me that I had a bad cold. I have to stay at home for two days. So I can not go to school today or tomorro
4、w. I hope I will get well soon. I will ask you for your help when I meet you after two days.Thank you.Mike名词_动词_代词_形容词_副词_介词_连词_冠词_掌握名词的分类及基本用法【学生活动】1 、了解名词的分类知识并划出不懂的地方;2 、做好相关笔记。1、名词(Nouns)名词表示人或事物的名称。例词:boy, pencil, book, backpack 总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如:Gina, China。专有名词的第一个字
5、母要大写。 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:an apple a bag two apples some bags不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式,如 money, water, weather, time, space还有一些词既可以充当可数名词,也可以充当不可数名词,如:ice cream, salad, chicken2. 可数名词有单数(Singular Form)复数(Plural Form)两种形式。【配套练习】找出下列短文中的专有名词和可数名词及不可数名词。Last we
6、ek some Chinese students had a discussion about happiness. Li Hua thinks young people need to experience different things.They will become self-confident if they have the chance to show their ability. Whats more, its easy to be famous and make more money.专有名词_可数名词_不可数名词_3、可数名词的复数形式的变化规则如下:【学生活动】完成下列
7、表格并背诵可数名词的复数形式的变化规则。词尾字母情况 构成方法 读音 例词一般情况 加-s清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音和元音后读/z/bird-birds, desk-_ ,hand-_, lake-_以 ch , sh ,s ,x ,z 结尾 加-es 读/i z/watch-watches ,brush-_ ,class-classes,box-_, bus-_, quiz-quizes辅音字母+y 改 y 为 iz 再加 es 读/z/ baby-_, country-countries, family-families, city-_以 O 结尾 加 -s 或-es 读/z/tomato-
8、tomatoes,potato-_, hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,photo-photos,zoo-_,radio-_以 f 或 fe 结尾 变 f 或者 fe 为 v 加es 读 /vz/thief-thieves, wife-_, leaf- _, knife-_, wolf -wolves, life-_以辅音字母以 ce, se, ze,(d)ge 结尾的名词加 s加-s 读/ iz/dance-dances, house-_, orange_, realize-_, memorize-memorizes, organize-organizes, page-_,
9、 bridge-_特殊情况 1.单复数同形deer_ means 手段,方法 species 物种 works_ _中国人sheep_ cattle_ spacecraft 太空船 fish_(表条数) 2.改换内部元音字母man-men 男人 woman 妇女 foot-feet_ tooth-_牙齿 English-menEnglish-women 英国妇女 gentleman-_ 绅士 policeman-policemen 警察 fishermanfishermen_ 3.完全不规则 child-_儿童 mouse-_老鼠 oxoxen 牛 4.有些名词具有不同含义时,相应的复数也不同
10、fish-fishes 表示种类 -fish 表示条数people-peoples(表示民族) -people(表示人民复数概念)6.有和作定语修饰名词时,前后同时改变a man doctortwo men doctors a woman teachertwo women teachers但 a girl friend _ _ _ a boy student two boy students 【配套练习】写出下列名词的复数形式。1. pencil-box _ 2. wife _ 3. Sunday_4. city_ 5. dress _ 6. Englishman _7. match _ 8.
11、 Chinese _ 9. zoo _10. exam_ 11. German _4、不可数名词“量” 的表示方法【学生活动】朗读下列句子并划出不可数名词“量”的表示方法。在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass?I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice不可数名词也可用 a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。修饰可数名词用:_.修饰不可数名词用:_