《粪便资源化利用新型环保节水厕所设计探析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《粪便资源化利用新型环保节水厕所设计探析（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、粪便资源化利用新型环保节水厕所设计探析本文导读：这是一篇关于粪便资源化利用新型环保节水厕所设计探析的文章,为了响应“厕所革命”的号召，国内近些年来各式各样的生态环保厕所层出不穷，但目前市面上常见的环保厕所均无法做到真正的“环境友好”，都存在二次污染的风险。 摘 要在我国市政管网设施不完善的偏远地区，人们如厕难的问题一直难以得到有效解决。此外粪尿乱排不但污染环境，还会滋生蝇虫传播疾病，对人体的身心健康造成潜在威胁。为了响应厕所革命;的号召，国内近些年来各式各样的生态环保厕所层出不穷，但目前市面上常见的环保厕所均无法做到真正的环境友好;，都存在二次污染的风险。基于此，本文提出了一种新型的环保节水型
2、厕所，该厕所可将如厕产生的尿液和粪便原位处理后资源化利用，规避了二次污染环境的同时还具有一定的经济效益。该新型环保节水厕所以尿液RO膜处理及粪便好氧堆肥为核心，RO膜产水作为清水回用，浓水作为粪便好氧堆肥补水。尿液RO膜处理实验研究结果表明，40%为RO膜最佳回收率，该运行条件下既可在一定程度上保证产水量，又可对尿液中污染物有较好的去除效果。其脱盐率、金属离子去除率和总氮去除率分别可达94.34%、96.20%和93.10%。通过设置粪便投加量梯度，得出粪便与锯末作为堆肥基质最佳的投加比例为20:3（g：L），并以该比例进行Bio-Lux S15型堆肥反应器实验。结果表明，堆体的含水率通过RO
3、膜产生的浓水进行补充，当堆体电导率达到6.5ms/cm时，其中的微生物活性开始降低，病原微生物可在1520d内完全失去活性。堆肥至25d时，堆肥产物中总氮和K2O比例分别为0.52%和1.51%，其它各项指标均达标腐熟，可做为氮钾复合肥料进行使用。在上述试验的基础上，构建了新型环保节水厕所，该厕所由真空抽吸系统、粪便分离系统、尿液膜处理系统、堆肥反应器系统组成。通过24d的连续监测，结果表明该厕所每日平均产清水水量4.45L大于用水量2.25L，因此可以做到水量的自给自足。每日平均产出浓水6.68L，可满足好氧堆肥反应器补水量（5.6L/d7.5L/d）的要求。同时在18d的腐熟周期内，浓水水
4、质对堆肥过程并未造成不良影响，因此RO膜浓水可作为粪便堆肥系统补水，从而实现污水零排放的目标。堆肥产物总氮、P2O5和K2O浓度所占比例分别为1.4%、1.9%和1.9%，均达到有机肥标准浓度，且产物完全腐熟，可作为复合肥料进行使用。该新型环保节水厕所不仅实现了用水零补充，污水零排放，避免了二次污染，其堆肥产物还能带来的一定的经济效益，而且无需上下水管道，具有广阔的应用前景。关键词：环保节水厕所，粪便资源化，尿液RO膜分离，粪便好氧堆肥，产物肥效。AbstractInremoteareaswithinadequatemunicipalpipenetworkfacilitiesinChina,t
5、he problem of toilet access has been difficult to resolve.In addition, the wasteful discharge of feces and urine not only pollutes the environment, but also breeds fly borne diseases andmakesapotentialthreattohumanphysicalandmentalhealth.Inresponsetothe callofthetoiletrevolution,variouseco-friendlyt
6、oiletshaveemergedinChinain recentyears,butthecommonenvironmentally-friendlytoiletsonthemarketarenot trulyenvironmentallyfriendlycurrentlyandthereisariskofsecondarypollution. Based on this, this paper proposes a new type of environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet.Thetoiletcanusetheurineandfecesg
7、eneratedbyamembranesystemandan aerobiccompostsystemforon-sitetreatmentandutilization,therebyavoiding secondary pollution. The environment also has certain economic benefits.The new environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet is based on the treatment of urine RO membrane and aerobic composting of m
8、anure. The water produced by the RO membraneisusedascleanwaterforreuse,andtheconcentratedwaterisusedas supplementary water for aerobic manure composting, The experimental research results ofurineROmembranetreatmentshowthat40%isthebestrecoveryrateofRO membrane.Underthisoperatingcondition,itcannotonly
9、guaranteethewater productiontoacertainextent,butalsohaveagoodeffectofremovingpollutantsin urine.itssaltremovalrate,metalionremovalrateandtotalnitrogenremovalratecan reach94.34%,96.20%and93.10%.Bysettingthegradientoftheamountoffeces added, the optimal ratio of feces and sawdust as compost substrate w
10、as 20: 3 (g: L), and the Bio-Lux S15 type composting reactor experiment was carried out with this ratio. The resultsshowthatthewatercontentofthereactorcanbesupplementedwith concentrated water produced by the RO membrane. When the EC of the reactor reaches 6.5ms/cm,themicrobialactivityinthereactorbeg
11、instodecrease,andthepathogenic microorganisms can completely lose activity within 15-20 days. When composted to 25 days,theratiooftotalnitrogenandK2Ointhecompostproductwas0.52%and 1.51%respectively. All other indicators reached the standard of rottendegree and can be usedasnitrogen-potassiumcompound
12、fertilizer.Basedontheabovetests,anew environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet wasconstructed. The toilet was composed ofavacuumsuctionsystem,afecesseparationsystem,aurinemembranetreatment system,andacompostreactorsystem.After24daysofpilotstudies,theresultsshow that the average daily production o
13、f fresh water in this toilet is 4.45L greater than 2.25L, soitcanbeself-sufficient,theaveragedailyoutputofconcentratedwateris6.68L,which can meet the require of aerobic compost(5.6L/d7.5L/d), when composted to 18d, The quality of concentrated water hasno adverse effecton the composting process,soROm
14、embraneconcentratedwatercanbeusedasasupplementtothemanure compostingsystem,therebyachievingthegoalofzerosewagedischarge.Thecorresponding products total nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O concentrations were 1.4%, 1.9%, and 1.9%, all of which reached the standard concentration of organic fertilizer, and theprod
15、uctwascompletelyrot,itcouldbeusedasacompoundfertilizer.Thenew environmentally-friendly water-saving toilet not only achieves zero discharge of sewage, avoidssecondarypollution,butalsohascertaineconomicbenefitsfromitscompost product, and no need for sewer, it has broad application prospects.Key words
16、:Environmental protection water saving toilet，Manure recycling, Urine RO membrane separation, Aerobic manure composting, Product fertilizer efficiency.1、 绪 论1.1、研究背景。水冲式厕所对供水、排污系统都有极高的要求，需要上下市政管道极具完善，导致在一些地区，比如：景区、农村、较为偏远的工厂、火车等，尤其是水资源保护区和生态保护区等场所都无法适用这类耗水量大、排污设施要求完备的厕所。根据我国旅游相关单位的调查，国内外游客对景区如厕环境满意程度连一半都不到【1】。而且我国目前城镇下水管道尚未完全普及，日常污水处理能力尚且不足，同时已有的化粪池难以达到相应的效果
