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1、初中英语语法专题讲座动词35初中英语语法专题讲座动词【复习要点】 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。动词有五种形态：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。注意：基本助动词只有三个：be, do, have, 他们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行体，完成体，被动态，否定句，疑问句等。例如：He is giving a lecture. 他在作报告 He has made a plan. 他已经订了计划 The small animals are kept in the cages. 小动物都关在笼子里。还可
2、以根据其后是否带有宾语分为两类：及物动词和不及物动词。缩写形式分别为 vt. 和 vi.英语的动词从是否独立用作谓语来看，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。所谓谓语动词，其实就是动词独立用作谓语时的形式；非谓语动词就是动词不独立用作谓语时的形式。前者由动词的各种时态形式来表示，后者则由不定式、分词和动名词来表示。英语谓语动词的八种时态、语态和几种变化形式如下：八种时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do; does am; is; are done一般过去时 did; -ed was; were done一般将来时 will do will be done现在进行时 am; is; are d
3、oing am; is; are being done过去进行时 was; were doing was; were being done现在完成时 have; has done have; has been done过去完成时 had done had been done过去将来时 would do would be done情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be done* * * * * * * * * * * * 一、一般现在时：1. 一般现在时的构成：一般现在时是由动词的现在式来表示的，所谓动词的现在式，是指动词原形和-s 形式，后者用于第三人称单数的主语。例如： I study
4、in a school near here.我在附近的一所学校读书。My father often works far into the night. 父亲常常工作到深夜。实义动词的否定式和疑问式要由助动词 do / does 来构成，例如：They dont like living in the city. 他们不喜欢住在城里。She doesnt speak German very well. 她德语说得不太好。Do you watch TV on Sundays? 你每个星期天都看电视吗？Where does he work? 他在哪里工作？2. 一般现在时的基本用法： 表示经常性或习惯
5、性的动作，常与 always, usually, sometimes, often, every day 等时间状语连用。例如：We have an English class every day except Thursday. 除了星期四，我们每天都上英语课。It often rains here in spring. 这里春天经常下雨。They always go to Italy for their holidays. 他们总是去意大利度假。Sometimes I come by train, but usually I come by car. 有时我乘火车来，但是通常我乘汽车来。
6、表示现在的特征和状态，通常不带时间状语。例如：She likes bread, but she doesnt like pizza. 她爱吃面包，而不爱吃比萨饼。Do you speak English? 你会说英语吗？ 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。例如：The sun always rises in the east. 太阳总是从东方升起。Twice three makes six. 2 乘 3 等于 6。 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。例如： I will discuss this with you when we meet. 我们见面的时候，我会和你讨论这件事。
7、We will not leave until we are asked to. 直到我们被要求离开，我们才会离开。If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go on a field trip. 如果明天天晴，我们就去考察旅行。初中英语语法专题讲座动词36They will stand by you even if you dont succeed. 即便你不成功，他们也会支持你。二、一般过去时：1. 一般过去时的构成：一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去
8、式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed ，如：worked played wanted acted （2）以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped（3）以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加-ed，如：studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied 注意：以元音字母 + y 结尾的动词，直接加-ed，如：played（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-e
9、d，如：stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped （5）不规则动词的过去式（过去分词）变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 原形动词 中文意思 过去式 过去分词awake 唤醒 awoke / awaked awoke / awakedbear 忍受 出生 bore born / bornebeat 击打 beat beaten become 变得 成为 became becomebegin 开始 began begunbite 咬 bit bit / bittenblow 吹 blew blownbreak 打断 br
10、oke broken bring 带来 brought broughtbuild 建造 built builtburn 燃烧 burnt / burned burnt / burnedbuy 买 bought boughtcatch 抓住 caught caughtchoose 选择 chose chosen come 来 came comecost 价值 花费 cost costcut 切 cut cutdig 挖 dug dugdo 做 did donedraw 画 drew drawn dream 做梦 dreamt/dreamed dreamt / dreameddrink 喝 dra
11、nk drunkdrive 开车,驾驶 drove driven eat 吃 ate eaten fall 落下 fell fallenfeed 喂 fed fedfeel 觉得 felt felt fight 打仗 fought foughtfind 找到 found foundfly 飞 flew flownforget 忘记 forgot forgot/ forgottenfreeze 冻结 froze frozenget 得到 got got / gottengive 给 gave givengo 去 went gonegrow 长大 grew grown hang 绞死 hanged
12、 hanged hang 悬挂 hung hunghave 有 had hadhear 听 heard heard初中英语语法专题讲座动词37hide 躲藏 hid hid / hiddenhit 打击 hit hithold 抓 拿 held heldhurt 伤害 hurt hurtkeep 保持 kept keptknow 知道 knew knownlay 放 laid laid lead 领导 led ledlearn 学习 learnt / learned learnt / learned leave 离开 left leftlend 借出 lent lent let 让 let l
13、et lie 撒谎 lied lied lie 躺 lay lain lose 丢失 lost lostmake 制做 made mademean 意思是 meant meantmeet 遇见 met met mistake 误解, 弄错 mistook mistakenmisunderstand 误解，误会 misunderstood misunderstoodpay 付钱 paid paidput 放 put putread 读 read readride 骑 rode riddenring 响铃 rang rungrise 上升 rose risenrun 跑 ran runsay 说
14、said saidsee 看 saw seensell 卖 sold soldsend 送 sent sentshake 摇 shook shakenshoot 射击 shot shotshut 关闭 shut shutsing 唱 sang sungsink 下沉，沉没 sank sunksit 坐 sat satsleep 睡 slept sleptsmell 嗅 , 闻 smelled / smelt smelled / smeltspeak 说 spoke spokenspend 花费 spent spentstand 站 stood stoodsteal 偷 stole stolensweep 扫 swept sweptswim 游泳 swam swumtake 拿 took takenteach 教 taug
