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1、现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态在时间意义和用法上有不易区别之处。现对这两种时态进行对比和分析，重点是比较两者在相同或类似的句子中的区别，以及两者在同一交际场景下的不同意义。 一、现在完成时表示的意义1. 时间未指明或不确定的过去动作。例如：I have interviewed eight interviewees， muchquicker than scheduled我已经面试了八个人，比原计划快多了。如果仅说明“时间末指明、不确定的过去动作”所带来的结果仍不能满足交际的需要，则需要现在完成时态与一般过去时态一起使用，对当时动作的执行情况加以描述。例如：Have you consulted t
2、he directors about the present situation of electricity shortage？你和主任们讨论过近来电力短缺的问题了吗？Yes ，（ I have） Director Zhang and I talked over this last Saturday是啊，上周六我和王主任讨论了。2. 表示过去发生的动作，这个动作有可能现在还在重复。例如：The famous scriptwriter has written strongly about life improvements to the lives of citizens. 这位著名剧作家一直
3、以来为改善市民生活的问题执笔呐喊。这句话的意思是“你可以看到这位剧作家现在还这么做”。如果这位剧作家已经不这样做了，或者该人已经去世了，即该动作不存在重复性了，则应作如下表达：The famous scriptwriter wrote strongly about improvements to the lives of citizens这位著名剧作家曾为改善市民生活的问题执笔呐喊。3表示近期不确定时间内的一次或重复性的动作或状态。例如：Ive been busy lately近来我一直很忙。Ryan has rung three times this morning上午这会儿 Ryan 已经
4、打了三次电话了。（说话人在中午前说此话）比较：Ryan rang three times this morning今天上午 Ryan 打过三次电话。说话人在下午或晚上说此话）二、现在完成进行时表示的意义1. 表示一个开始于过去，但现在仍在继续或者刚刚结束的动作。例如：1） Ive been waiting for an hour and the secretary ssays that I have to wait one more hour2） Ive been thinking it over句 1）表明的动作是：I waited；I am waiting and I will have
5、to wait句 2）表明的动作是：I thought about it and Iam still thinking或 I thought about it and now I have come to a conclusion2表示不间断的重复的动作。例如：Justln hasbeen c 讪 ngMane every nightlast week在过去的一周里， Justin 每天晚上都给 Marie 打电话。（可能还要接着打）比较： Justin has called Marie seven times in the past week在过去的一周里，Justin 给Marie 打过
6、7 次电话。（带有总结的性质，表示已完成的动作或状态，不强调接着打的可能性.） Ive been waiting a newly 一 edited copy of this dictionary我一直以来就想要一本这部辞典的新版本。（此句与“Ive wanted a newly edited copy of this dictionarty”的区别不大）另外，现在完成进行时与现在进行时的动作在意义上有相通之处。例如：I have been working in the department store. 我一直在这家百货公司工作。（该动作可能是刚刚结束，也可能是一直在做，总之是描述这一段时间内
7、的动作）I am just helping out recently in the department store，but I dont really work here我最近只是一直在这家百货公司帮忙，但其实我不是在这里工作的。（描述近一段时间以来的一个重复动作，或者是一个持续动作）三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用，也可以不用时间状语。这一点与现在完成时不同。现在完成时通常与时间状语，如 since，ever since ，for three months，just，already,yet 等连用。现在完成进行时通常与 all the（this ） mo
8、rning afternoonday month 或 the whole day 等连用。试对比以下各例：I have been working on the experiment report this morning，but I havent completed it yet我今天一上午都在写实验报告，可是到现在也没写完。They have been repairing the broken road他们一直在维修那条被损坏的道路。（可能是刚歇息下来，也可能还在修。）They have already repaired the broken road他们把路修完了。（动作已经结束）现在完成
9、进行时表示一种不间断的持续性行为。如果表示一个重复动作，或者表示动作做过的次数时，不能用现在完成进行时。例如：Ive been writing letters since breakfastIve written to him three times，but I havent heard from him up till now笔者通过比较以下两个例句说明这两种时态的区别： Why havent you turned in your report yet？你怎么还没有交报告呀？ I have been reading the results of the experiment all the
10、morning You have told us tostudy the statistics before working on the report整个上午我都在读实验结果。您告诉过我们要先研究数据再写报告。以上例句中的 I have been reading不可改为 I have read，因为 I have been reading 实际上表示“I was reading and l will be reading”这层含意。又如： How about going out for a walk？ I dont feel like going out this eveningIve be
11、en working in the garden all day如果在句中用 have worked，则表示 work 这个动作给 garden 带来的结果。再如：一 Look out for the door一 Why？John has been painting the door 这里用现在完成进行时，表示工作还没完成，油漆可能还没干。如果用 “John has paintedthe door.”可能表示“活已干完，油漆已干”。再如：What have you done with my knife？你把我的刀怎么啦？（意为：“Where is it now？）What have you b
12、een doing to it？你是怎么用我的刀的？（意为：“The blades all twistedHave you been cutting wood with it？”）模块一第二单元测试（1）一、根据课文完成下列句子1. Mom and Dad arrive _ from _ a day earlier than _. The curtains are _ and the living room is _ when Mom and Dad _.2. Suddenly a door _ and a soccer ball flies _ the room. Eric runs in
13、after it, _ by a big dog, _ very slowly.3. Hes so tired _ hungry! The money _ which you _ to buy dog food is _, but Spot looks so _! What did you _ with the money we _?4. Dad opens the door _ light comes _ the room. The room is a _, with pizza boxes _ the floor and dirty dishes in the _. There are _
14、 of garbage and _ paper around the _ can.5. Listen to me, _ man - remember the day _ we left you in _? We thought you could act _ an _! I dont know the reason _ the house is so _.6. Eric sits _ his bed _ at Daniel, _ has his arms _ and looks angry.7. We spent all _ yesterday _ there for him and that
15、 is _ we had _ time to _ the house. Why didnt they ask me _ happened instead _ shouting _ me?8. _ he has been refusing to do his _, and _ insists _ wasting his _ watching DVDs and _ to foreign music.9. He also spends too _ time in _ cafes, _ he either plays games _ chats _. He is wasting _ time during this important _ in his _.10. He and my mother always _ me do things I don
