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1、动词不定式,结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完
2、成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续),1. 作主语,2. 作宾语,3. 作宾语补足语,4. 作定语,5. 作状语,6. 作表语,7. 作独立成分,8. 与疑问词等连用,一，不定式作主语 1._和_都可以作主语，但是动名词多指抽象的，概念性的动作，或者是多次经常性的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。 Eg: _ _ is dangerous .玩火很危险。 另外还应注意与表语的对称并行结构问题，如： _is bel
3、ieving. _ is to believe. 眼见为实。 _ is learning. _ _is to learn. 阅读即是学习。,Playing with fire /To play with fire,Seeing,To see,_Reading,To read_,to do sth doing sth,2. 很多时候习惯用 it 代替不定式做形式主语，不定式放到后面，所以构成以下两种句型： Its + adj. (easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, bett
4、er etc.) for sb. to do sth. Its + adj.(nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate, silly, selfish etc. ) of sb. to do sth. _ _ has not been decided yet. 什么时候动身还没有决定呢。 _ _or take a train is still a problem. 是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题,When to leave_,Whether to drive,3. “疑问词+
5、 to do ”相当于名词的功能，所以可以做哪些成分呢？,二.不定式做表语 不定式相当于名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”。 这些名词：work, plan, proposal, task, mission, ambition, hobby, suggestion,aim, 通常用不定式做 表语解释其内容是什么。 Our work is to serve the people. His hobby is to collect stamps. My ambition is to work for a firm. Your first mission is to stop weeping. 注意
6、： 系动词remain，seem后的表语,remain_ _ 尚待被怎样. remain_ _ 仍然保持做某事的状态 remain _ 仍然(未),to be done,doing_,done (undone),(1) It remains _ _(see)whether you are right. (2) After the earthquake,very few houses remained_(stand) (3) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _until the plane has come to a complete stop. A. s
7、eated B. seating C. to sit D. sat seem _ 似乎要. seem _似乎正在 。 seem _似乎已经 (1) She seems _her homework. 她好像做完了她的家庭作业。 (2) It seems_. 好像要下雨了。 (3) He seems _his homework. 他好像正在做作业 .,to do,to be doing,to have done,三. 不定式作定语时: to do /to be done (1) 表将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. 即将被买的车是送给他姐姐的。 (
8、2)用来修饰被序数词，最高级或no, all , any 等修饰的词. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Paralympic Games. 她是第一个在残奥会上赢得金牌的女性。 (3)不定式动词是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，要带上相应的介词； I need a pen to write_. She wants a chair to sit_. He is looking for a room to live _ . There is nothing to worry _.,with,on,i
9、n,about,(4) 在 ability, chance, right 等抽象名词后； I have no chance to go abroad. 我没有出国的机会。 I have no right to blame you. I hope to equip myself with the ability to forget you right now.,四，不定式作宾语 (1)请牢记下列小诗： 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, m
10、anage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help ，afford, strive 等也要用不 定式作宾语。例如： She pretended_(not see) me when I passed by. We agreed _(meet) here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state run companies are
11、 striving _(make) their products more competitive.,not to see,to meet,to make,I found it necessary to talk to him again.,(2),think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏， 不禁介意准逃亡。 consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, a
12、void, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, tha
13、nk you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in) 等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。,用doing来做宾语的又有哪些动词呢?,(3)to do / doing 忘记去做某事 忘记已经做过某事 记住去做某事 记得曾经做过某事 后悔/遗憾要做某事 后悔做过某事 停下来去做另一件事 停止做某件事情 努力/试图做某事 尝试着做某事 意欲/想/企图做某事 意味着做某事 接着做另一件事 继续做同一件事 不能帮助做某事 情不自禁地做某事,
14、五，不定式作补语，常见的有： (1) tell, advise, allow, permit , forbid , cause, consider, encourage, , force, intend, order, persuade, remind , request, require, urge, warn, ask , wish, want, call on , depend on, expect, invite sb to do sth I expect you to give me some help. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in t
15、he street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to 不定式的省略？ 特别注意： hope, agree/approve, suggest，refuse, arrange, welcome, demand, thank, congratulate, forgive等不能用不定式作宾补。,(2)不定式在句型S. be said /thought/ considered/found / known /believed + to do/to be done /to be doing/to have done / to have been doing 中作主语补足语。 The flu is believed_(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. The teacher asked us_(n
