旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 1 第二讲第二讲 形容词、副词和比较等级形容词、副词和比较等级 思维导图 .形容词和副词的基本用法 1评注性状语 有些副词,如 fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally 等作评注性状语,往往修饰整个句子,它们常位于句首,且有逗号与后面的句子 分开 2连接副词 (1)表递进:besides,further,then,moreover,still 等 (2)表结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus 等 (3)表转折:though,instead,otherwise,however,yet 等 (4)表等同:similarly,equally 等 (5)表对比:rather,oppositely 等 (6)表概括:altogether,generally 等 (7)表列举:first(ly),second(ly),finally 等 (8)表同位:namely 等 (9)表时间:meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally 等。
(10)表特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially 等 (11)表让步:anyway,anyhow 等 I dont like it; besides,its too expensive. 旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 2 我不喜欢它,而且它太贵了 Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun.Isnt it rather risky,though? 在结冰的运动场地上玩耍听起来很有趣,然而,这难道不是太冒险吗? 3易混淆的词 beside 在旁边 besides 此外,而且 late 迟的,晚的 later 多久以后 latest 最近的,最新的 ago 以前(以现在为起点) before 以前(以过去为起点) somewhere 某处 everywhere 到处 high 在高处;高 highly 高度地;很;非常 wide 充分地 widely 广泛地;普遍地 deep 深深地 deeply 深刻地;深沉地 free 免费地 freely 自由地;畅通地 close 接近;紧挨着 closely 仔细地;紧密地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 near 在附近 nearly 几乎,差不多 .比较级和最高级 一、形容词与副词比较等级的构成 形容词和副词的比较等级分为:原级、比较级和最高级。
原级即形容词和副词的 原形比较级和最高级的词形变化分规则变化和不规则变化两种 1规则变化 词形分类及变化构成 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节 词和少 数双音 节词 一般加er 或est tall long taller longer tallest longest 以 e 结尾的,只加r 或 st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以重读闭音节结尾且末 尾只有一个辅音字母的, big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 3 先双写该辅音字母再加 er 或est fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母y”结尾 的,先变 y 为 i 再加er 或est happy easy happier easier happiest easiest 其他双 音节词 和多音 节词 在前面加 more 或 most difficult beautiful more difficult more beautiful most difficult most beautiful 名师指津 表示“最高程度”的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect 等,没 有最高级,也不能用比较级。
2不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词与副词比较等级的用法 1平级比较 (1)用 as...as...,not...as/so...as 引导 Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is) 亨利和彼得一样都是好工人 Henry does not have as/so many books as I have. 亨利的书不如我的多 (2)as形容词as数量词数量词形容词 The building is as tall as 100 meters. 旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 4 The building is 100 meters tall. 这幢楼有 100 米高 2表示比较的特殊结构 (1)表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时,用“the比较级,the比较级”, 意为“越就越”。
The busier he is,the happier he feels. 他越忙就越感到高兴 (2)不与其他事物相比较,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级and比较级” 结构,意为“越来越” Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们学校变得越来越漂亮了 (3)表示“和一样不”时,用“no比较级than”结构 You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮 3比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方式 否定式谓语比较级: 比较级than any other单数名词 比较级than all the other复数名词 比较级than anyone/anything else 比较级than any of the other复数名词 比较级than the rest of复数名词或不可数名词 I have never spent a more worrying day. 这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天 Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class. Every morning he arrives earlier than all the other students in the class. Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class. Every morning he arrives earlier than any of the other students in the class. Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class. 旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 5 每天早上他都是班里来得最早的学生。
4最高级的句型 (1)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语 She is the most active student in our class. 她是我们班最活跃的学生 (2)one of形容词最高级名词复数 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country. Shanghai is among the biggest cities in our country. 上海是我国最大的城市之一 (3)序数词形容词最高级名词 Africa is the second largest continent in the world. 非洲是世界上第二大洲 5比较级和最高级的修饰语 (1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有 rather,much,still,even,a lot,a little,a great deal,(by) far,a bit 等 The students study even harder than before. 学生们比以前学习更努力了 (2)常用的最高级的修饰语有 by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really 以及 序数词等。
Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买便宜一点的照相机 名师指津 by far 通常用来修饰最高级,但也可修饰比较级,修饰比较级时,一 般放在比较级后面,若在前面,应在两者之间加 the The book is better by far than that one. 这本书要比那本书好得多 He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 他是两兄弟中较高的那一个 6倍数表达法 旗开得胜 读万卷书 行万里路 6 倍数as形容词/副词原级as 倍数形容词/副词的比较级than 倍数the名词of 倍数what 从句 Our classroom is three times as large as theirs. Our classroom is three times larger than theirs. Our classroom is three times the size of theirs. 我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。
The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago. 这条路的长度是三年前的四倍 看到四种情况,想到比较等级 一、看到与 than 连用,,要想到用比较级 例 1 Finally , that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is________(clean) than ever.(新课标全国卷) 分析 cleaner 根据后面的 than 可知此处要用比较级,因此要用 cleaner 例 2 After a few months,we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before. 分析 strongstronger 根据句中的比较级标志词 than 可知,本句应用比较级, 表示几个月后的情况与之前的情况进行比较, much 用于修饰比较级 故将 strong 改为 stronger。
二、看到 and,,but,,or 等连词前或后用的比较等级形式,,要想到用比较等级 例 3 They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016 全国卷) 分析 worseworst 由并列连词 and 前面的“the best”可知,此处应用形容词的 最高级形式 三、 看到语境中暗含的比较含义,要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以 上) 例 4 Aft。