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1、句子成分讲解,1.分析句子成分,I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,思考：每个部分在句中充当什么成分？,主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 同位语,2.句子有哪些成分？,句子成分,定义：主语是谓语所表示的动作的发出者。 主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。 eg. I am a Chinese student. John is my best friend.,2.1 主语,注意： 1. 在倒装句、疑问句、感叹句中，句子主语可放在谓语之后 eg. Do you like it? 2. 在祈使句中，主语you常常省略。 e
2、g. Dont move.,2.1 主语,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,2.1 主语,作主语的成分,名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the+形容词,从句,That she was chosen made a great stir (轰动
3、) in her school. It was a pity that you shouldnt go to see the film. What he wants to tell us is not clear.,2.1 主语,练习：找出下列句中的主语,定义：主语的动作或主语所具有的特征和状态, 一般在主语之后。,2.2 谓语,分类 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 复合谓语： 情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形 基本助动词be、do、have 由系动词加表语构成,2.2 谓语,I am a student. I am beautiful.,He likes reading.,I can sw
4、im. She has finished the homework I dont like apples.,We come. The sun rose. I have finished my homework so I can play now. Knowing his disadvantages,I can defeat him easily. Tired and hungry,we arrived home with nothing to eat .,2.2 谓语,练习：找出下列句中的谓语,定义：谓语动词的对象或承受者。 一般位于及物动词或者介词后。,2.3 宾语,I like my jo
5、b. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was. The new medicine makes it possible to treat this terrible disease.,2.3 宾语,作宾语的成分,名词,代词（宾格）,动词不定式,动名词,从句,it作形式宾语,单宾语：一个宾语 双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语 复合宾语：（宾语+宾补）,2.3 宾语,宾语的分类,1. I like English. 2. I am writing a le
6、tter.,1. He gave me(间宾) a letter(直宾). 2. I will email you(间宾) my training plan(直宾),1. Tom made the girl(宾语) cry(宾补). 2. We consider him(宾语) a good teacher(宾补).,1.He enjoys reading. 2.What he said does not matter. 3.He said “Good morning.” 4.I showed him my pictures. 5.He admits that he was mistaken.
7、,2.3 宾语,找出下列句中的宾语,间宾,直宾,宾语从句,单宾语：一个宾语 双宾语：间接宾语+直接宾语 复合宾语：（宾语+宾补）,2.3 宾语,宾语的分类,定义：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。 在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，简称宾补。,2.4 宾语补足语,I found the book interesting. Do you hear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yoursel
8、f at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,2.4 宾语补足语,作宾语补足语的成分,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road.,2.4 宾语补足语,练习：找
9、出下列句中的宾语补足语,定义：又叫主语补足语。 用于说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 一般位于系动词之后。,2.5表语,系动词：也称联系动词。 是用来辅助主语的动词。,2.5表语,本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。,状态系动词：be 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand 表像系动词：seem, appear, look 看起来像 感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 终止系动
10、词：prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成,I am a student Its hers. Time is precious. The war was over. Five plus two isseven. They seem to know the truth My hobby isreading.,2.5表语,作表语的成分,名词,名词性代词,形容词,副词,数词,不定式,动名词,He is out of condition. The book is what I need.,2.5表语,作表语的成分,介词短语,从句,1.The reason was that he missed
11、 the train . 2.It looks as if it is going to rain. 3.He fell in love. 4.They seem to know the truth. 5.The apple tastes good.,2.5 表语,练习：找出下列句中的表语,定义：修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语、从句 位置： 前置：单独的单词放在所修饰名词或代词前。 后置：短语或从句作定语时，放在所修饰名词或代词后,2.6 定语,He is a clever boy. The boy there is my friend. They are building a stone b
12、ridge. There are 54 students in our class. Do you known Bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills.,2.6 定语,作定语的成分,形容词,副词,名词,数词,数词所有格,动名词,There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. Do you know the man who spoke just now?,2.6 定语,作定语的成分,现在分词,过去分词,从句,1.The boy in the classroom needs
13、 a pen. 2.The boy needs a blue pen 3.The boy needs a ball pen. 4.The boy there needs a pen. 5.The boy needs a pen to write with .,2.6 定语,练习：找出下列句中的定语,6.The smiling boy needs a pen. 7.The boy needs the pen bought by his mother. 8.The boy who is crying needs a pen. 9.What is your given name?,2.6 定语,练习
14、：找出下列句中的定语,定义：用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子. 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.,2.7 状语,This book is very interesting. I will be back in a while. I waited to see you. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. He was late because he got up late.,2.7 状语,作状语的成分,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词,从句,定义： 当两个指同一事物的句子
15、成分放在同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。 同位语是对前面出现的名词的具体内容进一步的说明。,2.8 同位语,We students should study hard. We all are students. You three take these seats. People,old and young,took to the streets to watch the parade. He followed the order to walk along the street.,2.8 同位语,作同位语的成分,名词,代词,数词,形容词
16、,动词不定式,His only interest,travelling around,has brought him a lot of friends. The news that our team has won the match is true.,2.8 同位语,作同位语的成分,动名词,从句,1.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good. 2.He,my brother,is an actor. 3.Tom, a ten-year-old boy, is my only friend. 4.We Chinese people are b
