《新概念1下半册时态版》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新概念1下半册时态版（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1时态-现在完成时1. 构成现在完成时由 have 的人称形式加动词的过去分词构成。它的肯定式、否定式、疑问式的构成可表示如下：肯定式 否定式 疑问式I/We/You/They/ have done it. I/We/You/They have not done it. Have you/they/we done it?He/She has done it. He/She has not done it. Has he/she done it?2.现在完成时的用法：2.1：现在完成时 表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍然有影响。常和 already, yet, just, eve
2、r, never, today, this morning, recently(近来), in the past few years, since then, up to /now, so far 等副词和时间状语连用。She has been ill for 3 days.Who has taken away my schoolbag? He has studied English for 3 years.We have built many factories since 1999. He has already left.He has always helped me with my E
3、nglish since he came here.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。Example:Ive known Mr. Smith for 3 years.They have lived there since 1999.Weve known each other since we were children. have/has been to和 have/has gone to的区别have/has been to+某地，指到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经
4、回来了。have/has gone to+某地，说明去某地，说话时还没有回来。Example:He has been to America 3 times.He has gone to China.have/has been to 常与 once, twice, often, never, ever, several times 等连用。have/has been to do something 还可以表示做过某事，而 have/has gone to do something 则表示去做某事了。Example:He has been to see Mr. Smith in the hospi
5、tal.He has gone to see Mr. Smith in the hospital. 从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间往往用 for, since 短语来表示。for+ 一段时间, since+过去的点时间（或从句、从句的谓语动词要用过去时）。Example:中文：他离开上海 3 天了。误: He has left Shanghai for 3 days.正: He has been away from Shanghai for 3 days .正: He left Shanghai 3 days ago.正: It is/has been 3 days since he le
6、ft Shanghai.2.2:表示在过去发生过一次或多次的动作，已经成为某种经验。Example: We all have played with snow and ice.All of you have heard of this many times.He has been to the moon.2.3: 表示从过去某时开始而延续到今的 动作或状态，只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与for, since等时间状语连用。Example: We have been good friends since our middle school days.He has lived in Amer
7、ica since1999. 非延续性动词 (如：marry, die, leave ) 在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。但是可以改成相应的延续性动作或 It is/has been +时间+since+ 一般过去时的句子。Example: 中文： 我收到他的信已经 2 天了。误： I have received his letter for 2 days. 正： I received his letter 2 days ago.正： I have had his letter for 2 days. 正： It is two days since I received his l
8、etter.此类动词在否定句中则可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。2Example:I havent received his letter for a long time.10 个常见的短暂性动词开始离去，借来还，出生入死，买到家。begin, leave, go, borrow, come, return, born, die, buy, arrive, 2.4: 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中，表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。Example:We will come as soon as we have finished the homework. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区
9、别：现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只是单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。Example:He has lived in Beijing since liberation. (说明他现在还住在北京)He lived in Beijing before liberation. （现在是否还住在北京就不知道了）We have visited a power station. （现在对发电站有所了解，强调现在的情况）We visited a power station
10、last week. （只是说明上周参观发电站这个事实而已）He has gone back to his native town. （说明他现在在他的故乡）He went back to his native town last month.（只是说明他回家乡这个事实而已）时态-一般将来时1. 构成： 动词一般将来时由助动词 shall 或 will 加动词原形构成。Shall 用于第一人称作 主语，will 用于第二，三人称作主语，也可以用第一人称作主语。动词一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的构成可表示如下：肯定式 否定式 疑问式I/We shall
11、 (will) go there. I/We shall (will) not go there. Shall I/We go there?You/He/She/They will go there.You/He/She/They will not go there.Will you/he/she/they go there? 在日常生活中，在陈述句里，即使主语是第一人称，一般也用 will。 在口语中，shall, will 常缩写成 Ill ，well 等等。在否定句中，will not 缩写成 wont ，shall not 缩写成 shant 。2 一般将来时用法：2.1 表示将要发生
12、的动作行为或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days, when he comes 等等。I will go and see her on Friday.Mr. Smith will teach us English next year.He wont go there tomorrow morning.Will you do it again?2.2 有时没有时间状语，根据上下文来判断其谓语动作是将来发生的。I dont know who will do it.Dont worry, he will
13、 be there on time.2.3 表示将来经常发生的动作。From now on Ill get up early every morning.其它几种表示将来时的结构：be going to + 动词原形，表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生的事，多用于口语。 表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事情。I am going to write to Smith this evening.They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it. 表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。It looks as if it is going to rain.T
14、he moon is going to rise in a minute.3I am afraid it is going to snow.I think they are going to win the match.This rope is going to break soon. “be going to + 动词原形” 一般不可以表示单纯的将来，但在口语中仍常见使用，接近 will 的意义：Tomorrow is going to be her birthday.The girl is going to be fifteen next month. 有时可以表示建议、询问、或命令。Wh
15、at are we going to do about it?Dont regret over it. Were going to have another try.Now youre gong to hurry.be to + 动词原形，表示安排好要发生或命令做什么。 表示预先安排好的计划或约定。I am to meet Mr. Smith at 11:00 this morning.There is to be a concert on Saturday evening.The exhibition is to start in a weeks time.表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务
16、、命令。All the questions are to be answered at once.We are to take care of all these children.You are to return the book before Friday.No one is to leave the room without permission.The door is not to be opened. 表示注定要发生的事。Her plan is to be a failure.be about to + 动词原形，表示“正要做某事，即将要做某事”。 “be about to + 动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。The meeting is about to begin.He is about t
