{精品}2020年中考英语语法专题复习讲义与练习题:专题三介词、连词

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1、专题三 介词、连词 一介词 1. 介词概述:介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的 关系。介词是虚词,不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法 很活,也无一定规律可循。 在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个, 特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。 2. 常用介词的意义和用法。 时间或地点介词in 、on、at 的用法区别: 表示时间时 , in表示在一段时间里 (在将来时句子中则表示在 一段时间之后 ), on 表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at 表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时 , in表示在某个范围之内 , on表示在某个平面上 或与一个面相接触 ,at 则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如

2、: He was born on the night of May 10th. I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning. His glasses are on the desk. My brother is at the bus stop. after与 in 表示时间的用法区别: “ after+( 具体时刻 / 从句) ” 表示“ 在时刻之后 ” 常用于一般过去时态; “in+(一段时间 )” 表示 “ 在(多久)之后”, 常用于将来时态。如: He said that he would come back after 6:00. My father

3、 is coming back from Astralia in about a month. since 与for 表示时间的用法区别:“ since+( 具体时刻 /that- 从句)” 表示“ 自从起一直到现在 ”, “for +( 一段时间 )” 表示“ 持续 一段时间 ”, 都常用于完成时态;如: My father has worked in this factory since 1970. My father has worked in this factory for over 30 years. by 、in 与 with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“ 工具、手 段”, 但

4、是 by 主要表示 “ 乘坐” 某个交通工具或 “ 以 方式”, 在被 动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示 “ 使用 ” 某种语言 / 文 字,with表示“ 使用” 某个具体的工具、手段。如: We write with our hands and walk with our feet. Please speak in English. Let s go to the zoo by bus. It was invented by Adison. about与 on 的用法区别:都可以表示“ 有关”,但是 about 的意义比较广 ,而 on 主要表示 “ 有关( 专题/ 课程)” 。如:

5、Tom is going to give a speech on the history of China. They are talking about the English test. through与 across 、over的用法区别:through指“ 穿 过( 门洞/ 人群/ 树林)” ; across和 over可以指“ 跨越( 街道/ 河 流)”,可互换 ,但是表示 “ 翻过” 时只能用 over. 如: Just then a kangaroo (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一 只袋鼠跑过路面 ) There is a bridge across/

6、over the river.(河上有座桥 ) They climbed over the mountain and arrived there (他 们翻过大山到达了那里 )/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.( 参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园) (7)as与 like的区别:两个词都表示“ 像”,但是 as 译为“ 作 为”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实 ,而 like 译为“ 像 一样”, 表示外表 ,不是事实。如: Let me speak to you as a teacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲

7、 话。) Let me speak to you like a teacher.(让我像一位老师一样和 你讲话 ) (8)in front of 与 in the front of :in front of “在的前面 ” , 与 in the front of“在的前部 ” 。如: A group of people was standing in front of the hall. In the front of the hall stood a group of people. (12)except与 besides 的区别: except“除了”, 表示排除掉某人物 , 即不包含;而

8、 besides “ 除了” 则表示包含 ,即“ 不仅 又” 。如: Everyone went to the park except Tom.(除了 Tom, 大家都 去了公园 )(Tom没有去公园 )/ Besides maths he also studied many other subjects.(除了 数学之外 ,他还学其他许多功课 )( “ 数学” 也是他学的功课之一 ) 连词 1. 连词概述:连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词,短语或句子,但 不单独做句子成分。 按照连词的性质, 可将连词分为并列连词和从属 连词。并列连词如: and ,but ,or ,for等,它们即可连接单词,

9、 短语,又可连接句子。从属连词如:when ,before ,because 等, 它们主要引导名词性从句。 2.常见连词的用法: 1 )并列连词 的用法:并列连词有: and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both.and, not only.but also, either.or, neither.nor, still, And :连接单词短语句子。如:Tom and I study in the same school. But, or :I have a pen but no pencil. / Would you l

10、ike coffee or tea? Nothing but除 了 , 只 有 :I did nothing but watch it. Or表 示 否 则 : 如 :Hurry up or you will miss the train. for 表示后面的句子是原因。如: He is good at piano for he practices harder than others. Not only but also 不仅而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。 主语并列时,谓语要就近一致。如: Not only he but also I am a nurse. As well as 以及,

11、同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时, 动词要随前面的主语变化 .如:He works as well as he can Either or 既又,或或,并列主、谓、宾、表及状语, 如:Either come in or go out. Neither nor既不也不,并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列 主语时,谓语就近一致。如: Neither you nor he is lazy. Both and和,既也,并列主、谓、宾及表语。I can speak both English and French. nor 也不,引导句子要倒装。如:He can not play the piano,

12、nor can I. so 因此,所以,不和because 连用。如: You like swimming, so do I. 1 )从属连词的用法:从属连词有: after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, because, than, that, whether, so that after 表示“ 时间” , 在之后。如: After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory. Although/though 表示让步, “ 尽管” 。

13、如: Although she is young, she knows a lot. as 表示时间, “ 当时” ,方式“ 象” ,原因,“ 由于、因为 ” 让 步,“ 尽管、虽然 ”。如: As it was rainy, we couldn t go out now. As if/as though 表方式,“ 似乎、好像”。 如: He told us such a story as though he had been there before. As long as/so long as 表条件,“ 只要”。如: As long as I am here , I ll go to

14、help you. As soon as 表时间, “ 一就” 。如: I will call you as soon as I come back. because 表原因, “ 因为” 。如: I have to practice more because I am not good at English. before 表时间, “ 在之前。如: You should think more before you do it. Even if/ even though 表让步, “ 即使” 。如: You should try again even if you failed. Hardl

15、y when 表时间, “ (刚)一 就” 。如: Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang. if “ 假如” ,引导条件状语从句。如: We will stay at home if the rain doesn t stop. “ 是否” ,引导宾语从句。如;I don t know if he goes shopping. In order that 表目的,“ 为了,以便” 。如: We study hard in order that we can pass the exam. No matter +疑问词表让步,“ 无论,不管” 。 如: No matter what you do, you should try your best. No sooner than 表时间,“ 刚一就” 。如: No sooner had I come home than it began to rain. once 表时间,“ 一旦” 。 如: Once you read this book , yo

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