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1、专题十一简单句、并列句 简单句 （一）基本概念 只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子， 称作简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。 除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定 语等。 （二） 句型结构简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。 1.主语+ 谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物 动词，后面可以有其他成分修饰。 如：Things change. He smiles happily. 2.主语+ 连系动词 +表语这种句型称为主系表结构。 如：Mr. Smith is an artist. The hamburger tastes
2、 good. 注：表语位于系动词之后。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不 定式、动词的 -ing、从句来充当。 常见系动词有： （1）表状态系动词 -be 如： He is a teacher. He is ill. （2）持续系动词 -用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，常见 有 keep, remain, stay, 如： He always kept silent 。 （3）表像系动词 -用来表示 看起来像 这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. （4）感官系动词 -感官系动词
3、主要有feel, smell, sound, taste,如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. That sounds interesting. This flower smells very sweet. It tastes delicious. （5） 变化系动词 -这些系动词表示主语变成什么样， 主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,等.。如： He became mad after that. I get tired. She grew tall 。 3. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语 谓语一般多是及物动
4、词。宾语有两种：间接宾 语和直接宾语 如：We like music. I had eggs for breakfast. 4主语 +谓语+ 间接宾语 +直接宾语 一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这 是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或 for 。 如：He gave his sister the book.=He gave the book to his sister. 常见双宾结构： 可转换成带 to 结构的有： bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) lend sb. sth
5、(lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb) return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb ) write sb sth (write sth to sb ) 可转换成带 for 结构的有： buy sb sth (buy sth for sb ) do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb
6、 ) make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb ) 5.主语+ 谓语（及物动词） +宾语+宾补 宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、不带to 的不定 式或 v+ing 、V+ed 等充当。 如：I found the book easy.（形容词 easy 作补语） Ill let him go. （不定式 go 用作补语） (三) There be句型 1、结构： There be 句型是一种主语后置的倒装句，常表示某处有某 人或某物。 具体结构为：
7、 There be+ 人/ 物+其他+（地点）。 2、用法： (1)、There be 句型中动词 be 单复数形式要跟 there be 之后的主语 保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be 的单复数形式。 如: There is a desk and two chairs in the room. There are two chairs and a desk in the room. (2)、There be句型中的 be 有各种时态，有时还会在 be前插入情态动 词。 如： There is going to be a meeting tonight. There must be s
8、ome flowers in the box. (3)、There be句型可换成 There come / go, 以引起注意 ,加强语气。 如:There comes the bus. (4)、 There be 句型的否定句和疑问句变化主要是be 之后加 not 和 be 提到 there 之前。 如：There isn t any rain these days. Are there any people in the room? 并列句 （一）基本概念及构成 两个或两个以上的简单句用and, but, or, so 等并列连词连在一起构 成的句子 ,叫做并列句 ,其基本结构是 “ 简
9、单句 +并列连词 + 简单句” 。 如: I like action movies but I dont like thrillers. Hurry up ，or youll be late. （二）连词用法 1、表并列关系的连词有and，both.and两者都 , as well as 还 有, not only.but (also)不但而且, neither.nor既不也 不等。 如：Work hard, and you ll pass the exam. She not only sings but also dances. 2、表转折关系的有but, however 然而， while
10、 然而，still, yet 然 而等。 如：The film is not perfect, however, its good. I like action movies but I dont like thrillers. I like tea while she likes coffee.（表对比） 3、表选择关系的有or, either.or. 或者或者, not.but. 不 是而是等。 如：Hurry up, or you ll be late. Either Tom or his sisters are coming. 4、表因果关系的有for 因为, so 所以, becau
11、se 等。 如：Id better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain. The manager was ill so she didnt go to work. （三）特殊的并列句 1. 祈使句 + and + 一般将来时的句子 如：Work hard, and you ll pass the exam. 2. 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时的句子 如：Hurry up, or you ll be late. 实战演练 (2 50) 计分: 1.-_ is her daughter? -The girl on the right wearin
12、g blue jeans. A. Who B. What C. Which 2. _ does your mother do? She is a worker. A. Who B. how C. What 3. -Excuse me. _do you say “ autumn ” in American English? -It s “ fall” . A. How B. When C. Why 4. -_ do I take the medicine, Mr. Wang?-Twice a day after meals. A. How long B. How many C. How ofte
13、n 5. Eric s never seen a three-D movie at the cinema, _? A. hasn t heB. has he C. is he 6. -I m sorry I can t lend you the e-dictionary. -_? Didn t you promise me? A. What B. How C. When 7. We bought her a birthday present, _ she liked it very much. A. or B. and C. but 8. Didn t you give gifts to yo
14、ur father on Father s Day? Oh, not only my father, _ my grandpa got red gifts. A. or B. and C. but 9. Would you like to go to the concert with me? I d love to, _ I can t. I have a lot of homework to do. A. or B. but C. and 10. _ Lily _ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A. N
15、ot only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or 11. None of the shoes in the shops are the right size. They are _ too big _ too small. A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or 12. “ Are you going to eat here _ take it away?” asked the waiter. A. and B. so C. or 13. Tom is cleaning the house _ some
16、 of his friends are coming for dinner. A. because B. but C. so 14. There is a lot of traffic in this city, _ look both ways before crossing the street. A. so B. and C. for 15. Study hard, _ you are sure to have a good result in the exam. A. or B. and C. for 16. Be quick, _ we ll be late for class. A. or
