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1、基于游客行为的城市旅游地 空间结构分析 以西安为例 西北大学城市与资源学系杨新军 1、相关研究进展1、相关研究进展 国外-国外学者对旅游地理空间结构研究始于20世纪60年代。 区位论 核心 边缘理论模型 地域游憩系统 试验性全国游憩调查（British Pilot National Recreation Survey） 时间序列模型（趋势分析）、相关分析模型、引力模型、潜能模型等 旅游流形成机制 国内国内-主要研究视角: 旅游热点城市游客时序分布规律及城市居民出游的规律结构 旅游者行为类型和空间规律 不同尺度旅游区客源市场的地区结构 突发事件等不确定因素对旅游客源波动影响等 A. Progre
2、ss of relative research abroad - Location theory the core-periphery model regional recreation system British Pilot National Recreation Survey model of tendency analysis, model of relevance analysis, gravitation model, potential model the mechanism of tourist flow domestic - the hot tourism cities ti
3、me-frequency distribution laws and the regular touring structure of urban residents the discussion on tourists behavior types and spatial law the district structure of tourist source area for tourism destinations in different scales the influence of uncertain factors such as incidents on tourism ori
4、gins market 2、游客行为空间模式研究2、游客行为空间模式研究 2.1 基本模式 2.2 旅游出行空间的基本规律 2.1 基本模式 2.2 旅游出行空间的基本规律 旅行模式 演化模式 区域旅游行为空间选择模式 B. Model of tourism behavioral space a.Basic pattern b. Essential regulation of touring space a.Basic pattern b. Essential regulation of touring space Travel pattern Evolutionary Pattern Spa
5、tial behavior choice models of regional tourism 2.1.1 旅行模式2.1.1 旅行模式 旅行模式是早期对旅游活动空间的描述，涵盖了三个 基本概念：节点（通常为关联客源地-目的地的一对概 念）、联结节点的路径以及沿路径移动的旅行方式。 马略特（Mariot ，1969）提出了联结惯常住地与旅游 目的地的三种不同旅行线路：直达线路（Aaccess Route），游憩线路（Recreational Route）和返回线路 （Return Route）。 Campbell（1967）按照旅行目的不同，将旅游活动分 为游览型（Intinerary）和逗留
6、型（Stay）两种方式，解 释了从城市中心向外移动的不同模式。 Travel pattern Travel pattern covers three basic concepts: the nodes connecting origin region to tourism destination regions; the paths connecting nodes and the ways traveling along routes. Travel pattern covers three basic concepts: the nodes connecting origin region
7、 to tourism destination regions; the paths connecting nodes and the ways traveling along routes. Three types of travel routes: Access Route; Recreation Route and Return Route (Pearce, 1995). Three types of travel routes: Access Route; Recreation Route and Return Route (Pearce, 1995). TouristsTourist
8、sactivities were thought to be two types by Campbel. One is Intinerary, and the other is Stay. activities were thought to be two types by Campbel. One is Intinerary, and the other is Stay. 2.1.2 演化模式2.1.2 演化模式 Miossec国际旅游模型中，客源发生地周围具有四个不同的旅 游功能圈层。这些功能圈层的形成是由旅游动机、方式和成本 等因素决定的。并认为旅游者和当地居民行为的变化与旅游地 的增加
9、和交通网络的扩展有很大关联。 Oppermann（1993）考虑了不同旅游者的行为和功能，把焦点 集中在发展中国家，认为在其旅游开发过程中，首都城市起着 主导地位。 Lundgren模式是O（客源地） D（目的地）相互作用的经典 模式。Lundgren和Hill1977年曾经提出国际旅游流动的核心 外围模式，认为，城市化水平高的发达国家构成了旅游流发生 的核心，而外围发展中国家则形成主要的旅游目的地。 Evolutionary Pattern Model of international tourist flow developed by Miossec shows that tourism
10、origin included four functional gradations. (Matley I M, 1976). Model of international tourist flow developed by Miossec shows that tourism origin included four functional gradations. (Matley I M, 1976). Oppermann(1993) postulated that in developing countries, metropolis played a leading role in tou
11、rism development (Oppermann M, 1993). Oppermann(1993) postulated that in developing countries, metropolis played a leading role in tourism development (Oppermann M, 1993). The core-peripheral model was used to interpret international tourist flow, and it was postulated that developed countries were
12、the core origins of international tourist flow while the peripheral developing countries were main tourism destination districts (Lundgren J O J, 1984). The core-peripheral model was used to interpret international tourist flow, and it was postulated that developed countries were the core origins of
13、 international tourist flow while the peripheral developing countries were main tourism destination districts (Lundgren J O J, 1984). 2.1.3 区域旅游行为空间选择模式2.1.3 区域旅游行为空间选择模式 模式1：模式1：单一目的地旅游旅游者的大部分旅游活动集中在 一个目的地； 模式2：模式2：线型旅游旅游者选择使用一条线路上的多个旅游 目的地，但存在主次之分，主要选择使用的目的地只有一个； 模式3：模式3：基营式旅游旅游者在访问主要目的地的同时也选 择访问基
14、他几个目的地，但往往以主体目的地作为大本营； 模式4：模式4：环型旅游旅游者在既定的目标区域内环旅游好几 个目的地，相当于游览线路空间； 模式5：模式5：链式旅游旅游者以客源地为中心进行的链式游 览。 美.Clare.A.Gunn Spatial behavior choice models of regional tourism Model 1: Single destination -most activities are concentrated in one destination. Model 1: Single destination -most activities are co
15、ncentrated in one destination. Model 2: Linear tourism-tourist visits multiple destinations along one route. Model 2: Linear tourism-tourist visits multiple destinations along one route. Model 3: Camp-based tourism-chooses one destination as a camp, and visits other destinations from it. Model 3: Ca
16、mp-based tourism-chooses one destination as a camp, and visits other destinations from it. Model 4: Circular tourism-tourist visits several destinations within one area. Model 4: Circular tourism-tourist visits several destinations within one area. Model 5: Chain tourism-origin is the center of chain tourism. Model 5: Chain tourism-origin is the center of chain tourism. Gunn C A,1994 2.2 旅游出行空间的
