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1、定语从句一定语从句的定义：所谓定语从句，就是用一个句子来做定语来修饰一个名词，其中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句之间（或者说引导定语从句）的词语叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。其中常见的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but,than;常见的关系副词有：why,when,where.（注意：what，how，whether，if和特殊疑问词+ever不能引导定语从句）。二如何选择定语从句的连接词：首先明确先行词是什么，然后找到后面的从句，把从句单独拿出来分析，看一看先行词在句子中做什么成分，根据语法选择连接词。Eg:He tried t
2、o escape from the prison that/which was built in the Middle Age .分析：1.找先行词：prison 2.把prison放入从句中可以看到prison在从句中是做主语，即the prison was built in the Middle Age .而在定语从句中能充当主语的连接词一般情况下是that和which，于是就能选出连接词了。三连接词的用法：1.that：可以修饰人和物，在从句中作主语或宾语,表语，做宾语的时候一般情况下可以省略。Eg: She is a girl who/that has long hair.(在从句中做
3、主语)Is this the news (that)/which you wanted to tell me yesterday?(在从句中做宾语，可以省略that)He is no longer a kind-hearted man that he used to be(在从句中做表语)注意：1）that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died in the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出
4、生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。延伸：the way that /where /不填+定语从句：的方式Eg：I dont like the way that /where/不填 you were talking to me.我不喜欢你对我说话的方式。 2）不用that的情况： a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is
5、 very famous here.（需把that改成which） b) 介词后不能用。Eg：We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.3）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c)
6、先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。f) 当先行词为that（that这里指代一件事）的时候，连接词不能用thatEg: All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.2.which: 具体地指一群事物中的一个物体；在从句中可做主语或宾语等Eg：
7、 He dosent think the theory is right which/ that is put forward recently.(在从句中做主语) Tom lost his favorite pen which/that his father bought for him.(在从句中做宾语)注意：1）which可以引导非限制性定语从句，而that不能。当引导非限制性定语从句的时候which的用法见下面的归纳。 2）只能用which的情况：a)非限制性定语从句中。E.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.b)在介词之后。E.g.
8、This is a house in which lives an old man.c)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。E.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 3)定语从句中常出现“介词+which”来表示相应的关系副词的结构，具体情况见下面的归纳。3.who: 指某个人，在从句中可做主语和宾语等。Eg: Is this the man who/ that/whom you are searching for?(在从句中做宾语)The murderer who/ that had killed the man was
9、 finally sentenced to death .(在从句中做主语)4.whom: who的宾格形式，在从句中做宾语Eg：The little kid who/ that/whom I saw playing near the river is still missing now (在从句中做宾语)注意：与who的区别：whom在从句中只能做宾语，而who可以做主语和宾语。5.whose：指某个人或物的某件东西，需与名词连用，连用后在从句中可做主语和宾语等，可以与of which互换。Eg：The tiger whose tail was cruelly cut out lost it
10、s life finally.(在从句中做定语)The tiger of which tail was cruelly cut out lost its life finally.The tiger tail of which was cruelly cut out lost its life finally.6.as:可以指代一件事或者物品、人，在从句中可以充当主语和宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的时候多见于suchas和the sameas的结构中。Eg：As we know , we need food every day.(as指代我们需要食物这件事，在从句中作主语) Have you s
11、een such a watch as I lost yesterday.(在从句中做宾语)注意：1）suchas结构与suchthat结构的区别：前者说明从句中的as所指代的东西是和主句中先行词同一类型的事物；而后者that所指代的东西就是先行词。当选择题遇上这两种结构时，应结合具体语境来选择正确选项。Eg: Have you seen such a watch as I lost yesterday? Have you seen such a watch that I lost yesterday?分析：前一句说明你看到的手表和我昨天丢的手表是同一类型的，但你看到的手表并不一定是我丢的那一
12、架，但后一句则说明你看到的手表就是我昨天丢的那一架。7.but:可被看作关系代词，引导定语从句时多见于否定句中，在从句中作主语。意义上相当于 who not或that not，即用在否定词或具有否定意义的词后，构成双重否定。 如：There is no mother but loves her children没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。There was no one present but knew the story already在场的人都知道这个故事。8.than：than在定语从句中作关系代词，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语，但仍以充当主语为多。在定语从句中，它与关系代词that所起
13、的语法作用是差不多的，只是在翻译或解释时，要比that多一层比较的意味。另外，由than含有比较意味可知，该类定语从句的先行词前 通常要有形容词的比较级形式。 例如：You make more money than is intended to make.(主语) 你挣得的钱比预计的要多。There was more casualties than was reported. 伤亡人数比报道的要多。 During the winter holidays, I made much more money than Li Ming did.(宾语) 在寒假期间，我挣的钱比李明多得多。 He got
14、to know a famous writer who knew much more knowledge than his own (knowledge was). 他认识了一位比自己有更多知识的优秀作家。 9.where：在从句中充当地点状语，有时可用“介词+which”来表示。Eg: He decided to move from the place where/at which no one lived any longer.(在从句中做地点状语)Can you show me around the house where/ in which you live ?注意：1）where常用
15、于修饰下面的一些抽象名词case,point,situation,scence,condition,stage,degree,activity,dance,part等：a) where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注意：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设A
