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1、 虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气用法归纳 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语 气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 一、一、虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。 If you dont work hard, you will
2、 fail. If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic. 如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气 虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表： 条件从句的谓语动词形式条件从句的谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设had donewould/could/might/should have done 与现在事实相反的假设与现在事实相反的假设过去时过去时(waswere)would/could/might
3、/should do 与将来事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设过去时过去时 (waswere ) ; should do; were to do would/could/might/should do 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟与现在事实相反的虚拟 What would you do if you won the lottery? If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟与过去事实相
4、反的虚拟 If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday. 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟与将来事实相反的虚拟 If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off. If we were to picnic, we would not be able to help. 二、错综
5、、混合虚拟语气二、错综、混合虚拟语气 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词 时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用 要求要求“各自为政各自为政” ，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语 动词形式。动词形式。 1. If I had seen you, I would not be
6、 so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的 假设假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句从句 是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. Had you followed the doctors suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，从句是对过去的假设， 主句是对现在的假设主句是对现在的假设) 4
7、. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过从句是对过 去的假设，主句是对将来的假设去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 5. You didnt let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldnt be so tired now. (从句是从句是 对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weeke
8、nd. (从句是对现在的假设，主句从句是对现在的假设，主句 是对将来的假设是对将来的假设) 三、含蓄虚拟语气三、含蓄虚拟语气 虚拟语气中的虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以 if 引引 导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有 with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果如果将如何将如何)等等，这种句等等，这
9、种句 子往往有主句而无从句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假设考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。 But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）（过去） Without water, all lives would die. （现在）（现在） He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （过去）（过去） I was having a meeting, otherwise I w
10、ould have come to see you off. （过去）（过去） 四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气虚名词性从句的虚拟语气 含有含有 should +V 的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾 语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一 个坚持个坚持(insist)，两个命令，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommen
11、d)，四个，四个 要求要求(ask, require, demand, request)。 1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气宾语从句的虚拟语气 He insisted that the meeting be put off. The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave. He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave. 2. 表语从句的虚拟语气表语从句的虚拟语气 My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest. 3.
12、 同位语从句的虚拟语气同位语从句的虚拟语气 There is no suggestion that she (should) resign. 4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在 It 做形式主语的三种情况：做形式主语的三种情况： Its +p.p +that ； Its + adj. +that； Its + n. +that 常用的动词常用的动词 recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command 常用的形容词常用的形容词 important, necessary, right,
13、advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential 常用的名词常用的名词 duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret 其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思 Its important that you should take the medicine. Its a pity that you should refuse the invitation. Its ess
14、ential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid. Its demanded that all the students should go to the playground. It was suggested that he should join the club activities. 5. It 为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以 it 为形式宾语的复合为形式宾语的复合 宾语从句，宾语从句，it 后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主
15、语后面的那些后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些 词。词。 I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting. We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off. 6. 某些词语如某些词语如 suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚 拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。 Her smile suggested
16、that she was in favor of the plan. We insisted that what the boy did was wrong. 五虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况：五虚拟语气在特殊句式中的运用，主要有两种情况： I. would rather, Its time, for fear that would rather 在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身在使用时要注意它的不同用法。因为本身 would rather 可以直接接动词可以直接接动词 原形，构成原形，构成 would rather do sth. (than do sth.else); 或者或者 would do sth. rather than do sth.else.而虚拟语气的而虚拟语气的 would rather 是这样使用的是这样使用的 would rather sb. did(对现在或将来的假对现在或将来的假 设设)/ had done(对过去的假设对过去的假设) I would rather he didnt go no
