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1、用心 爱心 专心 九年级九年级英语英语复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法人教朗文版人教朗文版 【同步教育信息同步教育信息】 一. 本周教学内容： 复习被动语态和动词不定式作主语的用法 被动语态属于中考中应该掌握的内容，特别是一般现在时，一般过去时以及带有情态 动词的被动语态。 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被 动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 结构：被动语态由助动词 be及物动词的过去分词构成。 在被动语态中也有各种时态，而时态的变化是由助动词 be 的变化来决定的，过去分词 不变。 肯定句：主语助动词 be过去分词
2、by 否定句：主语助动词 be + not + p.p. + by 一般疑问句：Be +主语过去分词by ? 特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语过去分词by? 以 teach 为例： 肯定句： 一般现在时： I am He / She is We / You / They are taught 一般过去时： I was He / She was We / You / They were taught 否定句： 一般现在时： I am He / She is We / You / They are not taught 一般过去时： I was He/ She was We / You / They w
3、ere not taught 疑问句及简略回答： 一般现在时： Am I Is he / she Are we / you / they taught ? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, he / she is. 用心 爱心 专心 No, he / she isnt. Yes, we / they are. No, we / they arent. 一般过去时： Was I / he / she Were we / you / they taught ? Yes, I / he /she was. No, I / he / she wasnt. Yes, we /
4、they were. No, we / they werent. 情态动词： 肯定句：I / He / She / We You / They must can may be taught 否定句：I/ He/She/We You/They mustnt cant may not be taught 疑问句及简略回答： Must /Can/ May I He/She We/ you/ they be taught Yes, I /she / he / we / you /they must / can / may. No, I/ he /she / we /you / they mustnt/
5、 cant / may not. 请同学们记住以下几点： 被动语态的用法： A. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 B. 只需要强调动作的承受者时。 e.g. This bridge is made of stone. 这座桥是由石头建成的。 The telephone is made in Guangdong. 电话是在广东制造的。 主动语态变成被动语态的方法： 1. 将原句中的主语变成宾语。 2. 谓语动词改为被动形式：be +p.p 3. 原句的主语如果有必要存在，要放在 by 的后面，没有必要存在就可以省略。 用心 爱心 专心 e.g. Mr Smith
6、teaches English 主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态： English is taught by Mr Smith 主语 谓语（被动结构） 主动语态变为被动语态的几种情况： 1. 原句有一个宾语，结构是：主语谓语宾语变被动的方法时就要按照例句： The workers built many houses. Many houses were built （by the workers） 2. 当原句中有两个宾语时，我们可以用两种方法。 e.g. Sarah gave me a nice kite. I was given a nice kite by Sarah. A nice kite
7、was given to me by Sarah. 3. 当原句中含有宾语补足语时，变成被动语态时，宾语补足语不变。 e.g. The teacher told Mary to open the window. Mary was told to open the window （by the teacher） The boss made them do the work quickly. They were made to do the work quickly. 注意：动词可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词才可以有被动语态，不及物动 词没有被动语态。而不及物动词加上副词或介词后，如果能相
8、当于一个及物动词的作用， 就可以有被动语态。 e.g. Mrs King takes care of the books in the library. The books are taken care of by Mrs King in the library. 不是所有的主动句都可以变成被动语态的句子。 A. 当谓语动词是表示状态的动词时，如：leave, reach, enter, have 等等。 e.g. David usually leaves home at eight every morning. B. 当宾语是反身代词时。 e.g. The students enjoyed
9、themselves in the party yesterday. C. 有些短语动词相当于不及物动词的作用时，没有被动语态。 e.g. take place 发生，变化发生在某地或某时间 Great changes have taken place in Tianjin in the past ten years. 在过去的十年中天津发生了巨大变化。 请同学们将下列句子变成被动语态。 1. We plant trees in spring. 2. They sell a lot of things in the small shop. 3. He drew a horse on the w
10、all. 4. The boys played football just now. 5. You must put your bike over there. 6. His son can use the computer now. 7. Grandma may keep these books for two weeks. 8. She neednt tie sticks to the big trees. 9. The twins should took after their younger brother well. 用心 爱心 专心 Key: 1. Trees are plante
11、d （by us）in spring. 2. A lot of things are sold in the small shop. 3. A horse was drawn on the wall. 4. Football was played by the boys just now. 5. Your bike must be put over there. 6. The computer can be used by his son now. 7. These books may be kept by grandma for two weeks. 8. Sticks neednt be
12、tied to the big trees by her. 9. Their younger brother should be tooked after well by the twins. 根据要求变化句型： 1. Rice is grown in Tibet. （改为否定句） 2. The room was cleaned by Tom. （改为否定句） 3. She was seen to go into the office. （改为一般疑问句） 4. The sports meeting must be put off till next month. （改为一般疑问句） 5. T
13、he meeting was held in the hall. （画线部分提问） 6. Your shirt must be washed. （画线部分提问） 7. He was operated on by a very good doctor. （变成主动语态） 8. The composition should be finished in two hours （they 同上） 9. That boy was told not to keep long hair. （the teacher 同上） 10. The year is divided into four seasons.
14、（we 同上） Key: 1. Rice isnt grown in Tibet. 2. The room wasnt cleaned by Tom. 3. Was she seen to go into the office? 4. Must the sports meeting be put off till next month? 5. Where was the meeting hold? 6. Whose shirt must be washed? 7. A very good doctor operated on him. 8. They should finish the com
15、position in two hours. 9. The teacher told the boy not to keep long hair. 10. We divide the year into four seasons. 选择填空： 1. These flowers _ once a week. A. should waterB. should watered C. should be wateredD. should are watered 2. _ the clothes _ of cotton? A. Do, madeB. Is, made C. Are, madeD. Was, made 3. Do you know what time _? A. the train leaves B. is the train leave 用心 爱心 专心 C. does the train leave D. the train is left 4. When _
