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1、1 / 14 中考英语直接引语和间接引语考点击破 90道精选试题练习 直接引语是直接引用别人所说的话,句子中需要用引号间接引语是转述别人所说的话,即 将直接引语变成间接引语。间接引语多以宾语从句的形式表示。 考点一直接引语与间接引语的转换 转述一般疑问句时，引导词if/whether 及语序的用法考查；转述祈使句时的用法考查 1.转述陈述句时 ,由连词 that 引导,that 在口语中常省略 Tina said,“ I will go to the cinema tomorrow. Tina said( that) she would go to the cinema the next da
2、y. 蒂娜说她第二天要去看电影。 2 转述一般疑问句时 ,用 f 或 whether 引导。 He asked me, Have you read this book?” He asked me if/whether I had read that book. 他问我是否读过那本书。 3.转述祈使句时 ,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式 ,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意 思加上 tell, ask, order等动词。如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式的前面加not。 She said to us,“ Please sit down:” She asked us to sit down.她请
3、我们坐下。 He said, Don,t make so much noise, boys. He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他告诉男孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。 4.转述感叹句时 ,用 wht 或 how引导。 She said,“ What a lovely boy he is! 2 / 14 She said what a lovely boy he was. 她说他是个多么聪明的男孩啊。 考点二转述时人称、时态、状语及动词的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、地点状语、时间状语等的综合考查； 直接引语变间接引语时，时态
4、无需改变的情况。 1.人称的变化 直接引语在变为间接引语时,代词要随句意进行改变。大致遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三 人称不变更”的规律。 (1)“一随主” 是指直接引语中的第一人称代词变为间接引语时,须与引述动词的主语在人称和 数上保持一致。 I said， “I won t give up。 ” I said that I would not give up.我说我不会放弃。 (2)“二随宾” 是指直接引语中的第二人称代词变为间接引语时,须与引述动词的宾语在人称和 数上保持一致。 He said to her ， “Why are you late?” He asked her why she
5、 was late. 他问她为什么迟到。 (3)“第三人称不变更”是指直接引语中的第三人称代词在变为间接引语时不发生变化。 He said,“ She likes it.” He said that she liked it. 他说她喜欢它 2.时态的变化 如果直接引语为过去的某种时态,则间接引语的时态应和对应的时态向前推一个时态,如 下表所示 : 3 / 14 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时 现在进行时过去进行时 一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时 / 过去完成时过去完成时 Martin told me, I rang Alice yesterday. , Mar
6、tin told me that he had rung Alice the day before. 马丁告诉我说他前一天已经给爱丽丝打电话了。 Nell told me. Mary is studying abroad -Nell told me that Mary was studying abroad. 内尔告诉我玛丽正在国外学习 3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化 直接引语间接引语 指示代词 this 这个that 那个 these这些those那些 时间状语 now 现在then那时 today 今天that day那天 this evening今晚that even
7、ing那晚 yesterday昨天the day before前一天 last night 昨晚the night before前一天晚上 4 / 14 two days ago两天前two days before两天前 next week下周 the next week/the following week 第二周 tomorrow 明天 the next day/the following day 第二天 the day before yesterday前天two days before两天前 the day after tomorrow后天In two days time两天后 地点状语
8、here这里there那里 方向性动词 bring 带来take带走 come来go 去 He said,“ These books are mine. ” He said that those books were his. 他说那些书是他的。 She said.I will come this morning. She said that she would go that morning. 她说那天早上她会去那里。 She said, I went there yesterday. She said that she had gone there the day before . 她说她
9、前一天去过那里。 She said, I will come here this evening. She said that she would go there that evening 她说她那天晚上会去那里。 5 / 14 4.时态无需改变的情况 (1)直接引语是客观真理时 ,变成间接引语 ,时态无需改变。 Mother said, There are four seasons and twelve months in a year. Mother said that there are four seasons and twelve months In a year. 妈妈说一年有四
10、季 ,12 个月。 (2)直接引语是过去进行时 ,变成间接引语 ,时态无需改变 Jack said, John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street. 杰克问约翰在街上碰见他时他正要去哪里。 (3)直接引语中有具体的时间状语时,变成间接引语 ,时态无需改变。 He said,“ The story took place in the 1930s. He said that the story too
11、k place in the 1930s. 他说那个故事发生在20世纪 30 年代。 典例点拨 1. He said, I am living with a British family now. He said that was living with a British family . A. I: now B. you; the C. he. then D. he. now 解题技巧 :C 直接引语是陈述句且人称是第一人称,变成间接引语时 ,需要和引述动词的主语在人称上 保持一致 ,第一空需要和he 保持一致 ;直接引语变成间接引语时,时间状语也要进行相应的变 化,now 变成 then
12、,故选 C 项。 命题规律 : 直接引语是陈述句 ,变成间接引语时 ,需要记住以下几个方面 :去掉引号加that,时态向前推 6 / 14 一步,人称变化要灵活 ,状语变化按规定。 2. He asked the woman on the phone,Can I call on you this afternoon? He asked the woman on the phone call on her afternoon A. whether could he: this B. whether he could: that C whether could he: that D. whethe
13、r he could: this 解题技巧 :B 直接引语是一般疑问句 ,变成间接引语时 ,首先加上whether 或者 if,然后句子需用陈述句 语序,如果直接引语的人称是第一人称,变成间接引语时 ,需要和引述动词的主语保持相同的人 称；时态、时间状语、地点状语也要进行相应的变化,故选 B 项。 命题规律 : 直接引语是一般疑问句 ,变成间接引语时 ,需记住以下几点：去掉引号加whether或 if，陈 述语序要记住 ,时态、人称和状语都要进行变化。 90 道精选试题练习 一、根据括号中的要求改写句子 1 “Jack ，can you help with the dinner？” Jacks
14、 mother asked.（改成间接引语） Jack was asked _he _help with the dinner. 2Tony said，“I am singing when the telephone rings.”（将直接引语改为间接引语） Tony said that_ _singing when the telephone rang. 3 Was the machine invented by David ？She wasnt sure. （合并成一句话） She wasnt sure _ the machine was invented by David. 4Are t
15、here any new markets in Asia ？The sales manager wants to know. （合并为一句） The sales manager wants to know _ there _ any new markets in Asia. 5Tim said to Kate，“How is your mother now ？” （改为间接引语） Tim _ Kate how _ mother _ then. 7 / 14 6 He asked Mary，“Do you have anything to do this afternoon？” （改为间接引语）
16、 He asked Mary _ she _ anything to do _ afternoon. 7Our teacher said to us ，“Light travels faster than sound.”（改为间接引语） Our teacher _ us _ light _ faster than sound. 8Mr Zhang said，“I was born in Beijing in October,1980.”（改为间接引语） Mr Zhang said that _ _ born in Beijing in October ，1980. 9Our teacher said to me ，“Sit down ，please. ”（改为间接引语） Our teacher told
