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1、第八讲 名词和主谓一致(一)名词单句语法填空1(2015新课标全国卷语法填空). what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.2(2015新课标全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li Ri
2、ver that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings (painting)3(2014新课标全国卷语法填空)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.4(2014辽宁高考语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh .
3、, if you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep breath (breathe)5(2014湖北高考改编)Her motivation (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.6(2011浙江高考改编)Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my principles (principle)一、名词的单复数1单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则(1)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s，但下
4、列名词要加es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes。但下列以o结尾的名词既可以加es，也可以加s，它们是：zeros/zeroes零，mosquitos/mosquitoes蚊子，volcanos/volcanoes火山。(2)以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般f或fe去掉加ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halve
5、s。但下列以f或fe结尾的名词直接加s，它们是：屋顶上的首领信仰保险箱，即roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes。但下列以f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加ves，也可以直接加s，它们是：handkerchiefs/handkerchieves手帕，scarfs/scarves围巾。(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sonsinlaw女婿；passersby过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。2常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人；Japa
6、nese 日本人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口；horsepower 马力；jin斤等。其中fish, fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes, fruits。二、抽象名词具体化1具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安
7、慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事 failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情 shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事或人Im disappointed the experiment turned out to be a complete failure again.我很失望，这次试验证明又一次完全的失败。2抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough t
8、imes.在那些艰难的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料都会是一件令人感到欣慰的事。A serious explosion happened in Tianjin.Yes, news came as a shock to me.天津发生了一起严重的爆炸事件。是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情。三、名词所有格1名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。Many students eyesight is getting poorer and poorer.很多学生的视力变得越来越差了。From the top of the hill, you can get a birds vie
9、w of the city.从山顶上，你可以鸟瞰整个城市。2由and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加s：Toms and Jims rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jims room 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间3双重所有格指名词所有格或名词性物主代词同of构成的所有格，即“of名词所有格”。a play of Shakespeares莎士比亚的一个戏剧a friend of my wifes我妻子的一个朋友知识积累名词常见后缀集锦1动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion
10、/ationcorrectcorrection改正attractattraction 吸引concludeconclusion 结论；结束decidedecision 决定admitadmission 接纳；准许入学inviteinvitation 邀请explainexplanation 解释expectexpectation 期望er/orteachteacher老师announceannouncer 播音员conductconductor 指挥；售票员mentpunishpunishment 惩罚achieveachievement 功绩；成就argueargument 辩论；论据equ
11、ipequipment 装备；设备ance/enceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance 表演；节目existexistence 存在；生存preferpreference 偏爱inghearhearing 听力；听觉beginbeginning 开始ure/turefailfailure 失败；没做到presspressure 压力mixmixture 混合；混合物departdeparture 离开；出发yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery 发现其他choosechoice 选择varyvariety 多样化
12、；种类tendtendency 趋向；趋势2形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage 不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency 流利；流畅accurateaccuracy 准确性privateprivacy 隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自主wisewisdom 明智；智慧encedifferentdifference 差异silentsilence 沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness 仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness 粗心大意thstrongstrength力
13、气；强项warmwarmth 温暖；热情ytyityhonesthonesty诚实difficultdifficulty 困难cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴safesafety 安全disabledisability 无能；伤残responsibleresponsibility 责任典题精选我来改正常设误点(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015陕西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of t
14、he baking myself.friendfriendsstepsteps(1)可数名词单复数的错用可数名词前有数词、数量词、some或one of .等修饰，则该名词应用复数形式；在指示代词this, that后用单数名词；在these, those后用复数名词。(2014辽宁高考)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.(2016长春市质检)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support.timetimesprogressesprogress(2)混淆名词的可数与不可数有些词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，例如time表示“次数”为可数名词，表示“时间”为不可数名词；experience表示“经历”时为可数名词，表示“经验”时为不可数名词；误把不可数
