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1、话题21 科普知识,基础知识自测,一、单词识记,1. _ n.宇宙; 世界 2. _ n.受害者 3. _ n.附近; 邻近 4. _ adj. 严重的, 剧烈的 5. _ n.特征; 特性,characteristic,universe,victim,neighborhood,severe,6. _ vt.照顾；出席；参加 7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 8. _ vt.预见；预知 9. _ adj.积极的；肯定的 10. _ vt.打败；战胜 n.失败,defeat,attend,absorb,foresee,positive,11. _ n.治愈 vt.治愈 12. _ n.柄；把手
2、vt.处理 13. _ vt.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯 14. _ n.挑战 vt.挑战 15. _ adj.熟练的 n.专家,expert,cure,handle,suspect,challenge,二、单词拓展 (A)单词派生,1. _ n. 科学 _ n. 科学家 _ adj. 科学的 2. _ vt. 分析 _ n. 分析,analysis,science,scientist,scientific,analyse,3. _ vt. 污染；弄脏 _ adj. 受污染的 _ n. 污染,pollute,polluted,pollution,4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教导 _ n. 指示；教导,
3、instruct,instruction,5. _ vt. 结束 _ n. 结束; 结论 6. _ n. 小心; 谨慎 _ adj. 小心的; 谨慎的,cautious,conclude,conclusion,caution,(B)灵活运用 1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory. 1. 形容词作定语。 2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all. 2. 名词作宾语。,scientific,conclusion,3
4、. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood. 3. 形容词作定语。 4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison. 4. 名词作主语。 5. Follow the _ (instruct) when you operate the machine. 5. 名词作宾语。,polluted,analysis,instructions,1. _ 提出 2. _ 讲得通；有意义 3. _ 使显露；暴露 4. _ 将和联系起来,三、短语翻译,link .to .
5、,put forward,make sense,expose .to,5. _ 除之外； 此外 6. _ 对严格 7. _得出结论 8. _导致；引起,lead to,apart from,(be) strict with,draw a conclusion,9. _ 失去控制 10. _受责备 11. _ 在建设中 12. _ 结束,come to an end,out of control,be to blame,be under construction,四、课文回顾 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th c
6、entury. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided to defeat cholera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak.,So,birth,exposed,In 1854 when cholera broke
7、 out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had drunk 5_ dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every da
8、y died of cholera after drinking the water.,where,the,her,7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8 _ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.,With,to blame,b
9、e examined,with,五、语段改错,John Snow is a famous doctor in Londonso expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria for her personal physician. But he became inspiring when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of their day.,Neither its cause or its cure w
10、as understood. So many thousand of terrified people died every time there was the outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and to solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause found.,1. is was 据上下文可知一般过去时，描述过去发生的事情。 2. for as 表示“作为”。 3. inspiring inspired
11、 指人“感觉振奋的”，用inspired，而不能用inspiring (令人振奋的，激励人心的)。 4. help helping 在介词about后, 动词help要加上-ing。 5. their its 指代前面的“the deadly disease”，用单数。,6. or nor 因neithernor (既不也不)是固定搭配。 7. thousand thousands 因这里thousands of是非确切数，要加“s”。 8. the an 指“每次霍乱一爆发”，没有特指，无需用the，outbreak以元音开头，用an。 9. 去掉solve前面的to 因前半句已经有“to”
12、了，故to无需重复。 10. 在found前加上was 被动语态，一般过去时，故在found前加上was。,重点词汇讲练,1. cure vt. 治愈; 矫正 n. 治愈; 疗法；措施(for) 原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源, 也不了解它的治疗方法。(B5P2),例句 Up till now, People have not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前为止, 人们还没有找到治疗艾滋病的有效方法。,cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的(疾病、坏习惯等
13、) a cure for治疗的方法药物,搭配,运用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉 这个习惯). The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollution.,cure him of the habit,for,原句 The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。(
14、B5P2),2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引(注意力),例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收光线。 搭配 be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于,运用 当我进来时, 他正聚精会神地看小说。 When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我们可以从广泛的阅读中吸收许多有用的东西。 We can _ from extensive reading.,absorb a lot of useful things,3. be to blame (for sth.) (为某事)应受责备/承担责任 原句 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。(B5P2),例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生 要为事故负责。 搭配 blame sb. for sth.为某事责备某人,(1) 那次事故怪不得Tom, 毕竟他还是个孩子。 Little Tom
