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1、Business Culture of Japan and South Korea AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to make clear how businessmen in Japan and South Korea trade with foreigners based on their business culture, and explain the factors which influences the business culture. Meanwhile providing information which f
2、oreigners should pay attention to when they do business with people in these two countries.Keywords: Japan, South Korea, culture, business etiquette, negotiation style, IntroductionThe influence of traditional culture on business cultureTraditional culture in international business has been the focu
3、s of a growing body of theoretical and empirical work. The role of business culture will vary depending on the traditional culture which rooted in the country. Among all aspects of culture, food culture, wine culture and dressing culture influence business culture a lot.Food cultureJapan -Japanese c
4、uisine has been influenced by the food customs of other nations, but has adopted and refined them to create its own unique cooking style and eating habits.The first foreign influence on Japan was China around 300B.C., when the Japanese learned to cultivate rice. The use of chopsticks and the consump
5、tion of soy sauce and soybean curd (tofu) also came from China.The Buddhist religion, one of the two major religions in Japan today was another important influence on the Japanese diet. In theA.D.700s, the rise of Buddhism led to a ban on eating meat.After a ban of more than one thousand years, beef
6、 returned to Japan during the Meiji Period (18681912). Beginning in the early 1200s, trade with other countries began bringing Western-style influences to Japan. Western foods, such as bread, coffee, and ice cream, become popular during the late twentieth century. Another Western influence has been
7、the introduction of timesaving cooking methods. These include the electric rice cooker, packaged foods such as instant noodles, instantmiso(fermented soybean paste) soup, and instant pickling mixes. However, the Japanese are still devoted to their classic cooking traditions.All foods were divided in
8、to five color groups (green, red, yellow, white, and black-purple) and six tastes (bitter, sour, sweet, hot, salty, and delicate). Therefore, when you have dinner with Japanese businessman, using chopsticks will show your Japanese counterparts great respect. And its necessary to ask your counterpart
9、s whether they eat meat. There is a proper order in which to be seated, so do not sit down until told where and when. Conversation will normally take place at the end of the meal, allowing the food to be enjoyed fully. Seating at dinners and in meetings is very important in Japan. The seating protoc
10、ol depends on seniority, relationship, the location of the door, and objects in the room. It is best to defer to the local custom. South Korea - The contemporary culture of South Korea developed from the traditional culture of Korea, but since 1948 due to the division of Korea, it has developed sepa
11、rately from North Koreas culture. The rapid changes in lifestyles that have accompanied economic development since the 1960s have changed the traditional pattern of eating rice at each meal. Some urbanites may eat toast, eggs, and milk for breakfast, using a fork and knife. Nonetheless, for many peo
12、ple a bowl of steamed white rice, a soybean-paste vegetable soup, and a dish ofkimchI（泡菜）may still constitute the basic everyday meal, to which steamed or seasoned vegetables, fish, meats, and other foods may be added as side dishes (panchan). Meat dishes such aspulgogi(barbecued meat) andkalbi(shor
13、t ribs) are popular among both Koreans and foreigners.Many people eat at a low table while sitting on the ondol floor(炕地板), using a spoon and chopsticks.For ceremonies and rituals rice cakes are vital. The colouring of the food and the ingredients of the recipes are matched with a balance of yin and
14、 yangThere are no food taboos, although Buddhist monks may practice vegetarianism and observe other food taboos.South Koreans develop business relationships through social gatherings that usually involve eating. If you are invited to your contacts home, remove your shoes before entering the house an
15、d wait to be told where to sit. Wait until the oldest (or most senior) person begins to eat before you eat. When using chopsticks, never point them at other people, use them properly and do not cross them on the chopstick rest. Never pierce your food with your chopsticks. Always try some of every di
16、sh placed in front of you; often the entire table shares from an assortment of small dishes scattered around the table.When you are finished eating, place your chopsticks on the rest or on the table-never across the rice bowl.Wine cultureJapan - Wine culture plays an important part in national traditional culture. Wine culture has a fairly long history in Japan, which is the result of agricultural culture. Sake(清酒)is Japa
