(完整版)新版人教版八年级上英语3-4单元知识点

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1、Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister. 1,比较级,最高级变化规则 一般在词尾 + er 或 est;以 e 结尾的加r 或 st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er 或 est;辅音 字母 +y 结尾的,改y 为 i+ er 或 est;多音节词和部分双音节词,加more 或 most。 不规则变化见书本P114 2,比较级用法 基本句型:主语+be+比较级 +than+比较对象 两者相比较用比较级eg:Who do you think is more outgoing ,Lily or Lucy ? Very,more,quite,so,too 等修饰

2、原级;much,a little ,a lot,a bit,far ,even等修 饰比较级 eg:I m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. I m even worse now. 不能与人或事物自身相比较 eg:He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa. 比较对象要一致(that 代替不可数名词,those 代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones) eg:T

3、he weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan. The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. My bike is newer than Tom s. 比较级中出现of the two/ twins 结构时, adj 比较级前要 +the,不可用than Eg:Tom is the taller of the two brothers. “get/ become+ 比较级 +and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”(多音节或部分双音节 用“ more a

4、nd more+原级) Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. You re getting more and more beautiful. “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越” Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be. “Asas”中间接原级 ,表示“与一样” ,否定为“ not as/ soas”表示“不如” Eg: He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father. “比较

5、级 +than”(more/ less +原级 +than)与“ not as/ soas”可以互换 Eg: I m taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology. You re shorter than me.Biology is less important than Chinese You re not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinese 比大 /多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+ times+比较级 +than+比较对象” Eg: Ou

6、r classroom is twice larger than yours. 重几斤,高几公分,大几岁,用“主语+be+数量词 +比较级 +than+比较对象” Eg: I m six years older than you. 3,loudly 大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意) aloud 大声地,出声地(强调出声)read aloud call aloud for help loud 大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk 连用 响亮的,大声的loud voice 4,fast 强调速度快run/ drive fast quickly 强调动作、行动快 soon

7、强调时间间隔短 5,competition 体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛 match 体育竞技比赛,球类比赛 race 速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等 6,win+ 比赛,奖项 beat+人,团队 7,ago 以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后 before 在以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前 8,the same as be different from be similar to =be like 9,be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于 be good for 对有益(be bad for 对有害) be good to 对友好(good 可用 f

8、riendly ,nice, kind 替换) be good with 和相处好 =get on/ along well with 10, true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符 real/ really 指人或事客观存在,不是想象的 11, take care of=look after 照顾 care for 照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物 care about 关心,计较,在乎 12, make sb do sth make sb/ sth +adj make me happy make sb +n. We made him monitor. make s

9、b +过去分词She spoke aloud to make herself heard. make it 约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达Let s make it at 10:00. Don t worry. He ll make it. 13, both 位置:行前be 后 both of them/ us=they/ we both both 作主语,谓语动词用复数 not both 为部分否定,全部否定要用either not 或者 neither bothand=not only but(also)否定为: neither nor 14, be popular with sb 受某人欢

10、迎be popular in/ at 在某地受欢迎 15, it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj 修饰 to do sth)It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj 修饰 sb) It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. 16, bring out 使显现出 17, share sth with sb 和某人分享 18, other “其他的,另外的” ,后接名词复数,有时 other+n 复数 =others

11、 another “又一(个) ,另一(个) ” ,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名 词单数 。 the other“ (两者中的)另一个” ,常与 one 连用,“onethe other”表示“一个,另 一个” 19, heart learn sth by heart 用心记lose heart 灰心 20, break the law/ rules/ world record 违法 /违规 /打破世界纪录 Break off 打断break away from 摆脱,脱离break into 破门而入break in 插嘴 Break down 出故障break out 爆发

12、break up 散火break one s words 食言 Have a break/ rest 休息会儿 21, laugh 发笑laugh at 嘲笑 Smile 微笑smile at 对微笑 22,定语从句 :在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代 词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间,起联系 作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。 定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词 有: that, who (whom, whose), which; 关系副词 (在定语从句中只能作状语,且不能省略)有: when, where, why

13、 等。关系词的选择主要取 决于两个因素:(1)先行词是什么(2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。 关系代词( that,who,which ,whose,whom)引导的定语从句。 that/ who 在从句中作主语,先行词为人。 Eg:The girl that/ who is reading is my sister. that/ which 在从句中作主语或宾语,先行词为物。 Eg:The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.( 主) He came back for the book that/ which he had forg

14、otten. (宾) whose 在从句中作定语,先行词为人或物。 Eg:This is the pencil whose point is broken. That is the girl whose mother died two years ago. whom/ that 在从句中作宾语,先行词为人。 Eg:The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin. 关系副词( when/ where/ why )引导的定语从句。 When 在从句中作时间状语,其先行词是表示时间的词(day/ year/ season等) 。 例如:我永远不会忘记我入团的那

15、一天。I shall never forget the day_I joined the League. 解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。 The PLA men come at the time _ the people need them most. Where 在定语从句中作地点状语,其先行词是表示地点的词(place/ town/ home/ house) 例如:你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗?Do you still remember the place _we first met? 近来你去过你成长的小城吗? Have you been to the town _ you grew

16、 up recently? Why 在从句中作原因状语,其先行词是reason。 例如:没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school 23, call sb at +电话号码 24, information 【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容) news【UC】 广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时)a piece of news message 【C】 口信、短信、信息(强调传递)take a message for sb leave a message to sb 25, who do you think should get the job ?=in your opinion ,who should get the job ? Unit 4 What s the best mov

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