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1、 1 定语从句讲解及练习 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词 或代词 的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的 man 和 everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词 that, which, who(宾格 who, 所有格 whose)和关 系副词 where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担 当一个成分
2、 二. 关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who 指人，在从句中做主语或宾语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 关系代词应该用 who 或 whom. 例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省
3、略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。 例如：The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which
4、在句子中做宾语) 4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom；指物时，相当于 which。 2 （在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。） (1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语) 具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况： (1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, an
5、ything 等不定代词时。 例如： All that he said is true. (2)先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。 例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret. (4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 例如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. (5)先行
6、词既包括人又包括物时。 例如： He talked about the people and the things he remembered. 只用 which/who, 不用 that 的情况： (1)非限制性定语从句中， 不能用关系代词 that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。 例如：The boy, who is good at soccer, comes from Xinjiang. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明， 通常是引导词和
7、先行 词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理 史 密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 （非限) 3 There is somebody here who wants to speak to you 这里有人要和你说话 (限制性) (2) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句 所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以 作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与 and this 相似，并可以指人。
8、 例如：He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1). He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2). I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom
9、the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (4). Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。 例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语
10、。 例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city 8. 介词关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构。 “介词关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 介词关系代词结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用 whom 或 which, 不可用 that 。 例:The man who/whom you spoke to
11、is a teacher. The man to whom you spoke is a teacher. 4 一 请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词) 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said
12、something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently? 8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey? 12. If you know anyone else who coll
13、ects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you. 2. The student _ answered the questio
14、n is Zhang Hua. 3. The man _ you went to see has come. 4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money. 5. The woman_ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking about is over there. 7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball. 8. The man _ was passing by saw what happened. 9
15、. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday. 10. These books _ you lent me were very useful. 11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easilyforgotten. 12. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time. 13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday. 5 14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word. 15. The book _ is on the table is mine. 16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting. 17. I will never forget the peopl
