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1、名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句,What I want to do is taking a bath. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. I dont think he is an honest boy. The fact is that he stole the car. Do you know the f
2、act that he stole the car? Do you know the man who is standing over there? It is said that they won the game.,(主从),(同位语从句),(宾从),(表从),(同位语从句),(定从),(主从),引导名词性从句的连接词： that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分） whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分,连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, w
3、hom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分,不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.,在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether; 代词：who,
4、 what ,which;副词：when ,where, how, why等.,1.That he is a famous singer is known to us. (It is known to us that he is a famous singer.),2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.),主语从句,1.It + be + 形容词 that从句,It is necessary / important/ obvious that,
5、2.It + be + -ed分词 that从句,It is believed that 人们相信 It is known to us all that . 众所周知 It has been decided that 已经决定,3.It + be + 名词 that从句,It is common knowledge that 是常识 It is a surprise that . 令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是,4.It + 不及物动词 that从句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me t
6、hat 我突然想起,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 虚拟语气 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,主语从句中的“主谓一致”：,1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.,That they will come _certain.,2. What 引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决
7、定.,What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water.,注意,is,are,is,1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires 2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the tw
8、o sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This B. There is C .That is D. It is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how,Exercises,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的 名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1.She did not know
9、what had happened.,2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.,宾语从句,(作动词的宾语),(作介词的宾语),(作形容词的宾语),1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： We must never think (that) we are good
10、in everything while others are good in nothing.,注意：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。,2. 用w
11、hether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everythin
12、g depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”,若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe, expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含 有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句 谓语用肯定式。例如：,He told me that he _ his job. (已经完成了工作),时态呼
13、应,否定转移,我认为他不会来这里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),had finished,注意,4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如： I know (that) he studies English every day. I know (that) he studied English last term. I know (that) he will study English next year. I know (that)
14、he has studied English since 1998.,当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如： The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,宾语从句中用it作形式宾语,We think it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。,我发现他两天之
15、内完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.,Exercises: “it”作形式主语或形式宾语：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them,A,B,B,C,在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句,1.问题是我们和他已失去联系. 2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的. 3.天看起来要下雨了.,The problem is_,This is_.,It looks_.,that we have lost touch wi
