高中英语语法-状语从句 归纳总结

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1、 4 状语从句状语从句一 分类: 种类连接词注意区别:时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly/until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardlywhen/no soonerthan/the moment/the minute/immediately有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句:theminute,themoment,everytime,thefirsttime例:Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhissearch. 他一到达这个国家,就开始他

2、的探寻工作。有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句:directly例:Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet. 校长一进来,大家就安静下来as和when、while:as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while。从句表示随时间推移连词能用as,不用when 或while。till/until和nottill/until:until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。地点状语where/whereverwhere,表示某一个;wherever,表示任何一个。原因

3、状语Because/as/since/now that/forbecause和since、for、as、now that:because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在发生的,since可以是现在,也可以是过去和现在。条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition t

4、hat多用一般时态,如果表示一般将来的情况,就用一般现在时,如果表示过去将来的情况,就用一般过去时。目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lestso that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词结果状语sothat, suchthat其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。比较状语Than/not so/

5、asas/the morethe moreYour watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构)方式状语as if, as though, as, (just)as-so,as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语Though/although/even if/even though/ as/, no matter what/who/which/how/when,whatever/whoever/whichever/however/whenever ,whether-or-(不管-都)as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;alth

6、ough和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用时间状语从句: when (当的时候) while (在期间) as (当的时候, 一边一边)before (在之前) since (自从以来) till/until (直到) hardlywhen (刚就)as soon as (一就) after (在之后) nottill/until(直到才) no soonerthan(刚就)地点状语从句: where (在那里) wherever(无论哪里)原因状语从句: because (因为) since (因为,既然) as (由于) for (为了) now that(既然)

7、 目的状语从句: (so)that=in order that(以便) so as(not)to ( 以便不) in case(以免) lest(以免)结果状语从句: so+adj./adv.+that(如此以致) so that(结果)such+n.+that(如果以致) that(所以,因此)让步状语从句: though/although不可同but连用。though/although (虽然) however (可是) even though/if(即使) no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/w

8、hoever/whenever(不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时)比较状语从句: as (正如) asas(和一样) not as/so as (不如) than(比更)the+比较级+the+比较级 (越越)条件状语从句: if(假设) unless(如果不) so long as(只要) on condition that (如果)方式状语从句: as(像那样地) just as(正像) as if(好像) as though(好像)二 各种状语从句的简化方法:状语从句由when/while/as/once/whenever引导的时间状语从句当主句的主语和从句的主语一致时,且谓语动词为be

9、,常省略从句的主语和谓语be.由if/unless引导的条件状语从句由though/although/even though/even if引导的让步状语从句由because引导的原因状语从句由wherever引导的地点状语从句1 以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于after/before+doing sth.作状语。例:After she sang,she left the rich mans house = After singing,she left the rich mans house2 以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一

10、致时,从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语,此 时的动词为非延续性动词。例:Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village= Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village3 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时,有时可简化为不定式作状语。例:She stopped when she saw her husband = She stopped to see her

11、 husband If you want to understand the farmers,you must go to the countryside = To understand the farmers,you must go to the countryside4 结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可以简化为不定式作状语;若两者主语不一致时,则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例:He was so tired that he couldnt go any further= He was too tired to go any further I came here s

12、o that I could ask some questions= I came here(in order) to ask some questions5 以when,while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时,从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语,表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例:When he turned on the radio,he found it broken= When turning on the radio,he found it brokenWhile she was walking alo

13、ng the street,she was hit by a car= While walking along the street,she was hit by a car6 原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语。例:Since l didnt know Chinese,I tried to speak to her in English= Not knowing Chinese,I tried to speak to her in English注意:形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语,来代替原因状语从句,放在句首、句末均可,但一般应加逗号。例:As he was thi

14、rsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea-house = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea-house7 在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中,若从句和主句主语不一致时,可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。例:When the film start appeared, the children got exited= The film start appearing,the children got exited If all the work is done, you can have a rest= With all the work done,you can have a rest Nothing can live if there is no air= Nothing can live without air8 让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,可简化为分词短语作状语;不一致时,常简化为wit

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