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1、第二章 国际结算票据 Instruments in International Settlement,Credit instruments most commonly used in international trade payments and settlements are : Bill of exchange Promissory Note Check (or Cheque) They are also known as negotiable instruments (流通票据).,What is negotiable instruments?,A negotiable instrum
2、ent is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time. Examples of negotiable instruments are promissory notes, drafts and cheques. 票据是出票人签发的、承诺自己或委托他人在见票时或指定日期向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定金额、可以流通转让的一种有价证券。 票据包括汇票、本票和支票三种。,Essentials of a negotiable instrumen
3、t: Be in writing Be signed by the maker or drawer Be an unconditional promise or order to pay State a fixed amount of money Be payable on demand or at a definite time Be payable to order or to bearer,（1）汇票（bill of exchange, draft or exchange） A Bill of Exchange (draft) is an unconditional order in w
4、riting, addressed by one person to another , signed by the person giving it , requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer. 英国票据法规定：汇票是一人向另一人开出的，由开出人签字，要求收件人对某一
5、特定的人或其指定人或持票人即期或固定地，或在可以确定的未来某一日期支付一定货币金额的无条件支付命令。,示样2-1 汇票样本,（2）本票(promissory note) 本票是出票人做成的一项无条件的书面自我支付承诺。 A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing, made by one person (the maker) to another (the payee or the holder), signed by the maker, engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed or
6、 determinable future time a sum certain in money, to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer. 英国票据法关于本票的定义：本票是一人向另一人开出的，由出票人签字，保证对某一特定的人或其指定人或持票人即期或固定地，或在可以确定的未来某一日期支付一定货币金额的书面的无条件支付承诺。,Case study 2-1 本票解决方案 图2-1的四方当事人的债权债务关系可以通过本票解决。美国公司A开立一张本票交给B，以此作为对B保证履行债务的债权凭证。,B将本票背书转让给C来履行其对C的债务。同
7、样，C可将该本票背书转让给D来履行其对D的债务。,示样2-2 本票样本,（3）支票(check or cheque) 支票是无条件的书面支付命令，是一种以银行为付款人的即期汇票。 A cheque is an unconditional order in writing, addressed by a person to a bank, signed by the person making it, requiring the bank to pay on demand a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified perso
8、n or to the bearer. 英国票据法关于支票的定义：支票是银行客户开出的，由银行客户签字，授权银行对某一特定的人或其指定人或者持票来人即期支付一定货币金额的书面的无条件支付命令。,Case study 2-1 支票解决方案 假设美国A公司的资金账户银行为纽约ABC银行，A公司可以通过开立支票来履行其对B的债务。对于装运日后30天付款的票据，由于支票都是即期的，其要反映远期付款的出票日期填写方法与本票或汇票不同。本例中，本票与汇票的出票日期可以同为 “JULY 13, 2006”，但支票需要填写“AUG.9, 2006”，即装运日“JULY 10, 2006”后30天满期的那天。
9、B公司拿到支票后，可以将支票背书转让给C来履行其对C的债务。同样，C可将该支票背书转让给D来履行其对D的债务。支票到期后，D拿着票据到ABC银行提示付款，得到付款后，A，B，C和D之间的债权债务关系全部得以清偿。,示样2-3 支票样本,一般来说，汇票的三个基本当事人应不重叠，但某些时候会发生变形，即汇票的某两个当事人的身份重叠，常见的有对己汇票与指己汇票。 If the drawer and the payee are the same person, the bill may be read as: the bill is drawn by us on you payable to ours
10、elves. 指己汇票是指出票人和收款人为同一个当事人。 If the drawer and the drawee are the same person, the bill may be read as: the bill is drawn by us on ourselves payable to you. 对己汇票是指受票人和出票人为同一个当事人。 Case study 2-4.,Back,图2-4 汇票的基本当事人与一般当事人,Next,二、 Parties of exchange (汇票当事人),Three basic parties (三个当事人) The bill is draw
11、n by A on B payable to C. Here, the drawer is A, the drawee is B and the Payee is C. “Drawer” Party who draws the bills and orders another to pay the third party. (usually exporter or his bank in international trade) He is a debtor to the draft. Before the bill is accepted by the drawee, he is prima
12、rily liable to the payee or holder of the instrument. However, when the bill is accepted, his liability becomes secondary.,Back,“Drawee”(payer) Party who is ordered to pay the third party, and he is the party to honor the bill at the order of the drawer(usually the importer or the appointed banker u
13、nder a letter of credit in international trade). However, when the bills is presented to him, the drawee can make a choice whether to honor it or dishonor it. Before the drawee agree to honor the draft, he is not yet a debtor to the bill, but if he acknowledges his indebtedness to the bill, he becom
14、es an acceptor.,Back,“Payee” Third party who will receive payment. He is the first creditor to the bill and the first legal owner of the instrument. (usually exporter or his appointed bank or person) He can either demand payment against the bill or transfer (negotiate) the draft to another party. If
15、 the bill is transferred, he is called the original holder/transferrer.,Back,Possible Parties:,(1) 承兑人(ACCEPTOR) An acceptor is the party who sign on a time bill with his assent to the order given by the drawer. He engages, by signing his name on the bill of exchange that he will pay when it falls d
16、ue. An acceptor is a debtor to the bill and primarily liable to the holder.,Back,(2)背书人(ENDORSER) An endorser is a payee or a holder who signs his name on the back of a bill for the purpose of negotiation. Because the payee is the first holder, he will be the first endorser. When the payee becomes the endorser, he transforms himself from a creditor to a debtor. “If you, the holder of this instrument, make proper presentation for acceptance and for payment and is dishonored, I will pay the face
