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1、1 八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结 八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本单元的话题:本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。 本单元的语法:本单元的语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。 语法:1.本单元出现的动词不规则过去式有:动词不规则过去式有: isam-was 是 are - were 是 go-went 去 buybought 买 take -took 拿 走 , dodoesdid feedfed
2、 喂 seesaw 看见 eatate 吃 havehashad 有,吃 feelfelt感觉 riderode 骑 getgot到达,得到cancould能,会forgetforgot忘记drink drank 喝 findfound 找到 2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:2.不定代词和不定副词的用法: some body any one every thing no where(疑问副词) 不定代词和不定副词 (1) 左边的 some、 any、 every、 no 与右边的 body、 one、 thing 构成不定代词不定代词, some、 any、 every、 no 与右边的疑问副词
3、 where 构成不定副词不定副词; (2)一般情况下以 somesome 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以 anyany 开头的不定代词和不定副 词用于否定句、疑问句;以 nono 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one 为两个单词) ; (3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。 He has somethingsomething important to do.他有重要的事情要做。 (肯定句用 something,形容词 important 放后) Did you buy anythinganything special? (一般疑问句用 anything
4、,形容词 special 放后) Did you go anywhereanywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗? (一般疑问句用不定副词 anywhere,形容词 interesting 放后) (4)不定代词和不定副词做主语主语时,后面的动词用单数形式单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。 本单元的短语和知识点:本单元的短语和知识点: 1.(P1,图片) go on vacation 去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山 2.(P1,1a) stay at home 呆在家 go
5、 to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去参观夏令营 3.(P2,2b) study for tests 为考试而学习备考 go out 出去 4.(P2,2d) quite a few 相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)quite a few 相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数) He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友。take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间 5.(P3,语法表格 3 行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物 buy
6、sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物 My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。 6.(P3,语法表格 4 行) taste good. 尝起来很好 taste(尝起来) 、look(看起来) 、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词taste(尝起来) 、look(看起来) 、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词 The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来非常可口。 The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体
7、恤衫看起来很漂亮。 The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很优美。 7.(P3,语法表格 5 行)have a goodgreatfun time 过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)have a goodgreatfun time 过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很开心。 8.(P3,3a) go shopping 去购物 9.(P3,3b,4 行) nothingbut+动词原形:除了
8、之外什么都没有 nothingbut+动词原形:除了之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。 10.(P3,3b,5 行) seem to do sth:好像 seem to do sth:好像 I seem to know him.我好像认识他。 seem+(to be)+形容词:seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来看起来The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。 11.(P3,3c)keep a diary 记日记 2 12.(P5,2b,1 行) in+大
9、地方:达到某地 (get to +地方get to +地方:达到某地) arrive arrive at+小地方:达到某地 (get 的过去式为 got) He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京。 若是若是arrive 和 ge 后跟 home、there、here 三个地点副词地点副词,后面的介词 inatto 必须去掉。 Tom got home home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。 13.(P5,2b,2 行)decide to do sth:决
10、定做某事decide to do sth:决定做某事 He decided to go home.他决定回家。 14.(P5,2b,3 行) try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力去做某事 The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车 He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮助这个老年人。 15.(P5,2b,4 行) feel like feel like 给的感觉;感受到 16.(P5,2b,1 段末行) in the
11、 past 在过去 walk around 四处走走 enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 He enjoys playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 17.(P5,2b,2 段 1 行)differencedifference(名词,差异,差别)(名词,差异,差别)- different- different(形容词,不同的)(形容词,不同的) 18.(P5,2b,2 段 2 行)start doing sth:开始做某事 (= start to do sth)start doing sth:开始做某事 (= start to d
12、o sth) He started doing his homework. 他开始做家庭作业。 19.(P5,2b,2 段 3 行)over an hour 一个多小时 (over 超过,多余 = more than)over 超过,多余 = more than) 20.(P5,2b,2 段 4 行) too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。 Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋。 too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。 too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状
13、语。 We have too much workwork to do.我们有很多工作要做。 Dont talk too much.不要说太多。 much too 太,much too 太,后跟形容词或副词后跟形容词或副词The hat is much too bigbig for me.这帽子对我来说太大。 Youre walking much too fastfast.你走地太快了。 分辨三者的口诀:分辨三者的口诀: too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。 21.(P5,2b,2 段 6
14、 行) because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing) ,不能接句子。 because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing) ,不能接句子。 because 因为,后跟句子。because 因为,后跟句子。 He cant go to school because ofbecause of the rain.他因为下雨没去上学。 (rain 为名词) He was late for school because ofbecause of getgetting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。 (get 为动词) = He was late for s
15、chool becausebecause he got up late. I dont buy the shirt becausebecause it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣因为它太贵。 22.(P5,2b,2 段 8 行)enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前 He has enough moneymoney .他有足够的钱。(money 为名词) enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough 放在后面。enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough 放在后面。 He is oldold
16、 enough to go to school. (old 为形容词) 23.(P6,2d,倒数 4 行) doing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完) forget forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget 的过去式为 forgot) Dont foget to close the door.不要忘记关上门。 (门还未关) He forgot closing the door.他忘记已经关上门了。 (门已经关上,但是他忘了) 24.(P6,2e,5 行)another+数字+可数名词单数或复数another+数字+可数名词单数或复数:额外多少某物 He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果,还想再要两个。 25.(P8,self check,2,6 行)so+形容词+