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1、1 1 英语语法宾语从句讲解英语语法宾语从句讲解 小口诀：小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受 限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化 that 引，一般疑问用 if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一 基本讲解一 基本讲解 来源：直接引语变间接引语来源：直接引语变间接引语 概念概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句， 可做在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句， 可做V谓谓/介词短语的宾语。介词短语的宾语。 e.g. He said, “I am good at drawing”. He said he was good at drawin
2、g. (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 1.引导词引导词 (1) that 引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that 可省略。可省略。 e.g. She said, “I want to go there ” She said (that) she wanted to go there. They all know (that) Jim is good at skating. (2) whether 或或 if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当， 陈述
3、语序。 选择疑问句充当， 陈述语序。 e.g. “Are you interested in geography?” she said. She asked if/whether I was interested in geography. I wonder if /whether she has told the new to Li Lei . Im not sure whether he will come or not. 2 2 注意：一般情况下，注意：一般情况下，whether 和和 if 可以互用，可以互用， 但有些情况例外但有些情况例外 a. 介词短语后只用 whether 不用
4、if e.g. We are talking about whether well go on the panic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时，只用 whether. e.g. I cant say whether or not he will come on time c. if 当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句， 表示 如果， 不能用 whether. e.g. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times. Whether you can succeed depends on how much effor
5、t you pay. (3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。 特殊疑问词为：特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose. What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。 e.g. What do you want? He asked. He asked me what I wanted. I have no idea where he is now. I dont know how to deal with it. He asked whose handwrit
6、ing is the best in the class. 对比下列句子，看 what 做什么成分： He asked what was the wrong/matter with me. （what 做主语） He doesnt know what to do now. (做宾语) He asked me who he was. (who 做表语) 2.宾语从句时态宾语从句时态 a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制 3 3 e.g. Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? Im sorry to hea
7、r that your father is ill. She says she is going to go to Beijing next week. He tells me that his sister came back yesterday. b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态 She didnt know why the boy was late again. (过去一般) I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.（过去完成） I wondered when she was g
8、oing to America.（过去将来） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象， 科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象， 科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： e.g. He said （that the earth moves round the sun. / that light travels much faster than sound.） The teacher told us（seeing is believing.） 3.语序：陈述语序，主语序：陈述语序，主+谓谓+其他其
9、他 * when will you leave for Beijing?（Could you please tell me） Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing? *Has she seen the movie？（He asked.） He asked if she had seen the movie. *Could you tell me whats the matter/wrong with you? 二、宾语从句的转化二、宾语从句的转化 1.当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish，decide，
10、forget，plan，agree 等， 且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如： 等， 且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如： e.g. She agreed that she could help me with my math. She agreed to help me with my math. 4 4 2.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide 等后面 有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成 等后面 有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构疑问词不定式结构”。 如： 。 如： e.g. Sh
11、e forgot what she should take. she forgot to take it 3. 当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句 常简化为 等感官动词时，从句 常简化为 “宾语宾补宾语宾补”结构， 宾补为不带结构， 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或的不定式或 V-ing 形式。 如： 形式。 如： e.g. She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 三否定转移三否定
12、转移 e.g. I dont think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷 常用词：believe，suppose 等 四注意问题和易错点四注意问题和易错点 1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引 导词的影响 （可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句） 2. Whether/if 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if 是否/如果） 3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢 e.g. I dont know who she is looking at.(容易丢了 at ) 4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么， 说了什么，谁想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词
13、只有 who/that/who/whose/which/as/when/where/why ，what 不能用语定从， 只用于宾从） 5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句 e.g. Jim didnt know what was wrong with his computer. 宾语从句专项习题宾语从句专项习题 巩固练习 1.Have you decided _for Australia? 5 5 A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 2.Can you
14、tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me _ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how 5.I didnt know _
15、 he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how 6.I wonder _ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _. A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is 8.Ask him _ . A. whose cup this
16、 is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup 9.I dont know _ . A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long _ . A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill 11.The weather f
