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1、名词从句 名词从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。以此举例： It is clear that he has gone. The question is when I can leave. I dont know who he is. The news that he will come late upsets all of us. 一、主语从句 1、由连词 that, whether 引导的主语从句 It is certain that he will come. Whether he will come is doubtful. 注：whether 引导主语从句，不能用 if
2、 代替 由 that 引导的主语从句还能改写成由 it 做形式主语的从句： It is true that the earth is round. 这类结构一般有： It +be +形容词+that，这类形容词有 clear, obvious, likely, true, probable, possible It +be + said/believed/reported/hoped/announced/known that It +seems/happens/appears that It +be +名词+ that 从句 It is accepted belief that wind is
3、 air in movement.普遍认为风是流动的空气 2、由连接代词（who，which）和连接副词（when，where，how，why）引导的主语从 句，也可以用 it 做形式主语引导 Who let out the news remained unknown. =It remained unknown who let out the news. 3、由关系代词 what, whatever, whoever 等引导的主语从句，此类主语从句不能用形式主 语 it 引导，合成词在句子中担任成分 What he said at the meeting is important.主语从句 T
4、he thing that he said at the meeting is important.定语从句 what =the thing that, whoever=any one who, whichever= anything that,但是等号后面 的不能引导名词性从句 （误）No matter who gives us help is welcome. （正）Whoever gives us help is welcome. （误）Ill believe no matter what he says. （正）Ill believe whatever he says. 二、表语从句
5、用于表语从句的连词有 that, whether, what, whatever, who, whoever, when, where, why, how 等 例：The question is how we can get there. 1、that 引导的表语从句 名词主语+ be+ that 从句 常用作主语的名词表示事实、真理或看法、观点：fact, truth, idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling, suggestion, plan wh-引导的主语从句+ be+ that 从句 What surprised me most was that a
6、ll the pupils were unusually quiet. 2、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句 This/That +be+ wh- 疑问词引导的从句 This is how you make the Italian pizza. 名词主语+ be+wh-疑问词引导的从句 The problem is how scientists can keep in touch with the divers under the sea.,第 页 1 共 3 页,注：if 不能用来引导表语从句 3、as if/as though, because 引导的表语从句 as if/as though 可
7、以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气 It looks as if it is going to rain. The patient looked as if he had been ill for a long time. because 引导表语从句，主句主语不能用 reason（reason 与because 不见面） It may be because I didnt have a good sleep last night. The reason why she called me is that she will not attend the party. 如果主句主语是 reason，
8、表语从句连接词用 that 三、宾语从句 1、连词与主语从句和表语从句一样，但是它与主语从句、表语从句的区别是： if 可以用于宾语从句中，有时可以和 whether 互换 that 在宾语从句中可以省略，主语从句和表语从句中不能省略，that 引导的宾语从句常用形 式宾语 it 来引导 2、介词宾语从句 1）that 引导的从句做介词宾语从句 that 引导的从句很少做介词的宾语从句，只在 except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后使用 （in that 因为，except that 除了，but that 要不是，除了） I could say nothing but
9、that I was sorry. 但可跟在带有形式宾语 it 之后作介词的真正宾语，这类词有 see to 负责，depend on 依靠， rely on 依靠，count on 指望 例：See to it that the door is safely locked before you go.你走之前一定要锁好门 2）关系代词/副词引导的从句做介词宾语从句 He was satisfied with what I did. What we should take with us depend on where well stay. 3）不及物动词后跟介词宾语从句 有些不及物动词后边如
10、果跟宾语从句，省去介词 例：I dont care whether he likes me or not. 比较：I dont care about him. I insist that you should learn a second language. 比较：I insist on your learning a second language. 3、宾语从句中需要注意的事项 宾语从句时态 当主句是现在的时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句时态可根据实际情况 而定。 当主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态要变为相应过去的时态 主句是 I dont think
11、宾语从句 主语必须是第一人称 I/we，才能用这样的句型（否定主句，不否定从句） 类似 I dont think句型的有：I dont imagine, I dont believe, I dont suppose 注意该句型反意疑问句用法：I dont think you can do that, can you? 3）连词 that 省略 对于连接词 and 或 but 所连接的两个做宾语的 that 从句中，第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以 省略，第二个则不能省略 He said (that) he has worked for nearly ten years here and th
12、at he wanted to go home. 4）doubt/sure 引导的宾语从句，用 whether/if 和 that 的区别 句型：I doubt whether/if我怀疑是否；I dont doubt that我毫不怀疑 I doubt whether he can speak English. 对比：I dont doubt that he can speak English. 句型：Im not sure whether/if我不确定是否；Im sure that我相信 Im not sure whether/if the news is true. 对比：Im sure
13、 that he can do it well.,第 页 2 共 3 页,有两种句型： be+形容词+that 从句 We are certain that we will do well in English writing. be+ not+形容词+wh-从句 He is not sure why so many girls want to be air hostesses. 此类形容词有：certain, afraid, sure, anxious, worried, surprised, happy, disappointed. 四、同位语从句 与先行词同位或同等的从句称为同位语从句，
14、一般由连词 that 引导，在从句中不担任成分， 不能省略，whether 也能引导同位语从句 同位语从句一般有两种： 1、名词+ that 引导的从句。常用的同位名词有：answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, order, question, reply, rumo(u)r, thought 等 例：The rumor that therell be the earthquake soon spread all over the area. 2、名词+ wh-疑问词/how 引导的同位语从句 Have you any idea where
15、 they are having a rehearsal? 注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语 that 起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分，定语从句的关系代词充当从句的某一成分。 对比：I believed the fact that he was honest. I believed the fact that he thought to be true. 五、名词从句中注意的事项 1、连词 that 用法总结 that 引导主语从句、宾语从句通常用 it 做形式主语或形式宾语；that 在引导宾语从句时可以 省略，引导其他从句不能省略 2、总结 whether 和 if 引导名词从句
16、whether 可以用于所有的名词从句，if 只用于宾语从句 1、在宾语从句中，whether 后面可直接跟 or not，而 if 不能 I dont know whether/if I can come or not. 比较：I dont know whether or not I can come. 2、如果宾语从句是否定结构，只能用 if，而不能用 whether I dont care if he doesnt show up. 3、介词宾语从句只能用 whether 引导 We worried about whether he was in good health. 4、引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时用 whether The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasnt been decided. 5、whether 后可接动词不定式，而 if 不可以。如果用形式主语的时候，whether 和 if 都可以。 Its not clear to me whether/if she
