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1、Unit 2 Language Section Welcome to the unit & Reading Pre readingA website recently announced that the English language now has over 1 million words.Most Americans have a vocabulary of about 20,000 words.The most famous English speaker in history, William Shakespeare, used 30,000 words in his pl
2、ays.Thats a lot! But where do all these words come from? English likes to borrow words from other languages.For example, “fengshui”， the Chinese term, is now used by English speakers who want to arrange their furniture in harmony.In the age of the Internet, English language is growing morequickly.So
3、me experts believe that as many as 15 words join the English language every day.Now it is possible to share information quickly with people all over the world, and words from all languages are flying through a shared cyberspace.Speaking of cyberspace, it is a whole new vocabulary.The words like “cyb
4、er”，“blog”， “World Wide Web”， “WeChat” were rare ten years ago, but now we use them frequently in our daily life.Now its hard to imagine the English language and the world without them!Section_Welcome to the unit & Reading PrereadingEnglish and its historyAll through history, people from many differ
5、ent countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabularythese people brought to Britain.That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.all through 一直，从来就be made up of 由组成/构成make up 编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆vocabulary/vkbjl
6、rI/n.词汇these people brought to Britain是定语从句，修饰先行词the grammar and vocabulary，关系代词省略了。why引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。英语及其历史有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语就是由这些人带到不列颠的语法和词汇构成的。那就是英语有如此多令人困惑不解的规则的原因。Old EnglishOld English is very different from the English we speak nowadays.In fact， we would not be able t
7、o understand it if we heard it today.Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic.Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland the Angles and the Saxons occupied Britain.Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages.(Both the English langu
8、age and the English people are named after the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English.At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings， people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norwa
9、y， began to move to Britain.They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English.By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.This is because English has ma
10、ny words and phrases from different languages， but with similar meanings.For example， the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons， while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians.be different from .与不同nowadays/nadeIz/adv.现在，如今in fact 事实上Celtic/keltIk/n.凯尔特语Germanic/d
11、mnIk/adj.日耳曼语(族)的mainland/meInlnd/n.大陆Angle/l/n.盎格鲁人Saxon/sksn/n.撒克逊人occupy/kjpaI/vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)consist of 由组成/构成(be made up of)，无被动语态。consist/knsIst/vi.组成，构成mixture/mIkst(r)/n.混合，混合体name after 以命名aside from 除之外aside/saId/adv.除之外at the end of .在末Viking/vaIkI/n.维京人，北欧海盗people from .and Norway是the V
12、ikings的同位语。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。official/fIl/adj.官方的，正式的phrase/freIz/n.词组，短语This is because .“这是因为”，because引导表语从句。其中介词短语from different languages作定语，修饰words and phrases。for example 例如过去分词短语once used by .作后置定语，修饰a word。while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。古英语古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果我们今天听到古英语，会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不
13、列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。后来，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族盎格鲁人和撒克逊人占领了不列颠。古英语是由他们的语言混合而成的。(英语及英国人都是由盎格鲁人命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像London这样的地名外，极少数的凯尔特单词成了古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。现在，当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，sic
14、k一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the Englishused from around the 12th to the 15th centuries.Many things played a part in the development of this new type of English.The most important contribution was from the Normans， a Frenchspeaking pe
15、ople who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.However，the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England， French did not replace English as the first language.On the other hand， the English language did borrow many words from French.This resulted in even more words with similar meanings, such asanswer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French)I
