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1、学 海 无 涯,Man in the Realm of Nature Alexander Spirkin,1,1RT Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are con
2、nected with nature by blood ties and we cannot live outside nature.,人在自然界 亚历山大斯伯金 人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄 入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生 存。,2 Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cult
3、ural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and tran
4、sformed plants and animals.,人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。,人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环,境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。,3 As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived i
5、n fear of natures destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite their imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroy
6、ed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, for example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of,学 海 无 涯 civilisation, which meant the places where m
7、an had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.,4 But as time goes on mankind becomes increasingly concerned with the question of where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and mans practical transforming act
8、ivities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.,然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问,题。科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影,响。,2,5 At present the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between natur
9、e and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fre
10、sh water. The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.,目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。生物圈中所谓可替代,资源的问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。,清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。,6 Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance of produced and used synt
11、hetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic materials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than
12、to health. But they become more aware of this harmful influence as they grow older.,7RT As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and then substances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive,3,学 海 无 涯
13、 agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking themselves the question: Is mans destruction of the biosphere inevitable?,久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大的物质在自然循环中变为极其有害的物质。自,然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这样一个问题：人类对生物圈的破坏难道是无法避免的吗？close,8 The man-nature relation the crisis of the ecological situation
14、is a global problem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the man-nature system is to use such resources a
15、s solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.,9 But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster and this disaster may turn out to be universal. How apt then are the words of ancient Oriental wisdom: live closer to nature, my friends, and its eternal laws will protect you!,但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行,为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难也许是全球性的。古代东方智者的话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲,近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变的规律永远呵护你！,
