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1、1,Love of life, did not make the hero a servant of life,2,1. Author 2. Content abstract 3. Characters 4. Theme,3,Authors Introduction,About this blind poet, there is no accurate date when he was born. But the consensus is that “Iliad and odyssey ” date from around the 8th century BC. He lived in anc
2、ient Greece, the age of legend. So we can see a lot of Gods and heroes in his epic.,As the greatest epic poet through the history, Homer walked around Greece with his guide and told people his beautiful poem.,Homer,4,荷马史诗,古希腊文学的最高成就，包括伊利亚特和奥德赛 体裁特征： 古代民间文学的一种体裁，以传说或重大历史事件为题材的古代长篇民间叙事诗。 内容特点： 史诗中描写的是
3、人间事件，但人间与神界往往相通，诗中英雄既有一般勇士的特征，又具有超人的能力。,BACK,5,一，十年争战的祸因： 海伦的美和阿基琉斯的盛怒 在荷马的笔下，战争的目的仿佛是因为一个女人的美貌和一个男人的火气。,6,The war originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite, after Eris, gave them a golden apple, marked for the fairest Zeus sent the goddesses to Paris, who judged th
4、at Aphrodite, as the fairest, should receive the apple.,7,不和的金苹果 故事起源于一颗金苹果。由于海仙狄修斯的女儿和帕琉斯国王（也就是后来的天下第一英雄阿基琉斯的父母）在圣山举行婚礼，没有邀请复仇女神厄里斯参加，于是她恼羞成怒，向席间扔下一个写有“给最美的女神”的金苹果以行报复。 这个苹果果然引起天后赫拉、智慧和战争女神雅典娜、爱神维纳斯争抢。天皇宙斯怕被人说自己偏袒妻子，就让三位女神去找凡间一年轻人来进行评判，这人就是特洛依王子帕里斯，赫拉许诺要使他成为亚洲国王；雅典娜愿意帮助他在战争中得到不朽的荣誉；而阿芙罗狄蒂则答应他得到世上最美
5、丽女人的爱。在维纳斯的帮助下，帕里斯将斯巴达国王的妻子海伦带回了特洛伊，于是以斯巴达国王墨涅拉奥斯的兄长阿伽门侬为统帅组成的希腊联军，开始讨伐特洛伊。这场特洛伊战争长达十年之久。,8,The judgement of Paris,9,BACK,10,史诗开篇：愤怒为了荣誉 歌唱吧，女神，歌唱帕琉斯之子阿基琉斯的愤怒，这愤怒给阿开亚人带来了无限的苦难。很多勇敢的灵魂就这样被打入哈迪斯的冥土，许多英雄的尸骨沦为野狗和兀鹰之口 第一次愤怒是阿伽门农无理地夺走了阿基琉斯抢来的阿波罗祭司的女儿，这让阿基琉斯无法容忍，他退出战争。要注意的是他大怒并不是因为他与那美女爱的死去活来。而是因为他认为这对他是一种
6、侮辱。 第二次愤怒是阿基琉斯的朋友帕特罗克洛斯借了他的盔甲，杀上战场，挡住了特洛伊人的进攻，但赫克托耳把他杀死，阿基琉斯悔恨自己的过失，愤而重新参战，为亡友复仇杀死了赫克托耳，并把他的尸体拖在马后,11,Content Abstract(1),The main plot is based on Trojan War. Trojan War happens in around 12th century BC, between the Troy city and the Achaean(希腊的)forces. The war lasted for ten years , and The Iliad
7、 described the last year. The Greek Coalition(同盟) sacks Chryse ( a town allied with Troy ) , and captures a pair of beautiful maidens（少女） , Chryseis and Briseis. Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaean forces , takes Chryseis as his prize ,and Achilles, the Achaeans greatest warrior , claims Briseis. C
8、hryseiss father ,Chryses , the priest of the god Apollo , wants to ransom(赎回)his daughter from Agamemnon , which is refused by him. Then Chryseis prays to Apollo, who sends a plague(瘟疫) upon the Achaean camp. Many Achaeans die. Agamemnon have to return Chryseis to her father , but then demand Brisei
9、s from Achilles as compensation.,12,Content Abstract(2),Achilles is furious(狂怒的)at this insult , and refused to fight in the war any longer. Whats more , he asks his mother to enlist the services of Zeus(宙斯）to help the Trojans because he wants the loss of Agamemnon. So the Achaeans suffer great loss
10、es. The Trojans push the Achaeans back , break through the Achaean ramparts(壁垒), and set fire to one of the ships in succession. Several Achaean commanders become wounded and even the heroism of the great warrior Diomedes(狄俄墨得斯)proves fruitless .Defeat seems imminent(不可避免).,BACK,13,Content Abstract(
11、3),Concerned for his comrades(战友)but still too proud to help them himself , Achilles asks his beloved friend Patroclus to take his place in battle, wearing his armor(战袍).But Apollo knocks Patrocluss armor to the ground and Hector slays(残杀)him. Hector gains the armor and the body of Patroclus was bro
12、ught back to the Achaeans camp. When Achilles discovers the death of Patroclus , he is filled with grief and rage. Then he reconciles (使和好)with Agamenmnon and rejoin the battle. The god Hephaestus forge(打造)Achilles a new suit of armor.,14,Content Abstract(4),Not expecting Achilles to rejoin the batt
13、le , Hector has ordered his men to camp outside the walls of Troy. Achilles cuts down every Trojan he sees. Strengthened by his rage , he even fights with the river god Xanthus .The goddess Athena tricks Hector into fighting with Achilles directly. In a dramatic duel(决斗), Achilles kills Hector. He t
14、hen lashes(鞭打) the body to the back of his chariot（战车） and drags it across the battlefield to the Achaean camp and drags Hectors body in circles around Patrocluss funeral bier(棺材) everyday. The gods agree that Hector deserves a proper burial. So Zeus sends the god Hermes to escort（陪同） King Priam, He
15、ctors father and the ruler of Troy, into the Achaean camp. Parim tearfully pleads with Achilles to take on a father bereft (失去)of his son and return Hectors body. Deeply moved, Achilles finally relents（变温和） and return Hectors body. Then both sides agree to a temporary truce（停战） ,and Hector receives
16、a heros funeral. The story ends up here.,15,Achilles stabs Hector in the shoulder with a spear and then in the stomach with his sword. Then Hector dies.,16,“You lost your cousin, now youve taken mine. When does it end?”,17,Heroes dead, but the war didnt stop.,Ulysses and his Trojan horse,18,The ruins of Troy city,19,King Priam,King Agamemnon,Hector,Achilles,Athena,Apollo,Greek States Union,Troy,VS,“For my mother ,the silver feet goddess, tells meI carry two sorts of destiny toward
