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1、华中师范大学网络教育学院语用与交际练习测试题库及答案 本科I. Answer the following questions in your own words （每题2分）1. What is the function of context in understanding utterances?The function of context in understanding utterances is to help listeners to narrow down their choices in understanding the meaning of utterances.2. Wh
2、at is the relationship between deixis and context?A very close relationship exists between deixis and context.3. What is the gestural use of place deixis?If the understanding of a place deixis must rely on gestures, then it is the gestural use.4. How does conversational implicature explain language
3、in terms of meaning? It explains language from functional, communicative and contextual aspects.5. How many maxims are there in co-operative principle? And what are they? Four. They are quality maxim, quantity maxim, relation maxim and manner maxim.6. Who invented the term “Pragmatics”?Charles Morri
4、s, an American philosopher7. What are the three sub-branches of semiotics?They are syntactics, semantics and pragmatics8. What is Carnaps understanding of “Pragmatics”?Basically Carnap understands Pragmatics as what Morris has pointed out, but specifically speaking, Carnap thinks that Pragmatics sho
5、uld study indexicals in language.9. What is the advantage of studying Pragmatics?One advantage of studying language through pragmatics is that we can talk about peoples intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes or goals, and all kinds of actions (for example, requests) that they are perfo
6、rming when they speak.10. Is grammatical mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?Pragmatic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure.11. Why pragmatists study motion verb under place deixis?Because motion verbs contain a kind of built-in direction12. Why dont people say what they mean in communication?Be
7、cause they want to be co-operative, polite and save their own and others face.13. What does CP stand for in Pragmatics?In Pragmatics, CP stands for co-operative principle.14. What is positive face?Positive face is the need to be liked by others, or the need to be accepted and treated as social equal
8、s.15. What is on record?On record is a technical term, referring to utterances not directly addressed to others.16. What is the disadvantage of studying Pragmatics?One big disadvantage of pragmatic study is that all these concepts related to human beings are extremely difficult to analyze in a consi
9、stent and objective way.17. Is semantic mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?No. Semantic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure.18. What are the possible interpretations of the phrase “Janes car”?Possible interpretations are the car owned by Jane, the car kept by Jane, the car rented by Jane etc.1
10、9. Is time part of context?Yes. Time is part of context20. What is the general role of personal deixis in communication?Its role is to indicate who participates in communication21. Is grammatical mistake equal to Pragmatic failure?Pragmatic mistake is not equal to Pragmatic failure22. What is the ro
11、le of context in understanding utterances?The role of context in understanding utterances is to help listeners to narrow down their choices in understanding.23. What kind of relationship exists between deixis and context?A very close relationship exists between deixis and context.24. How do you unde
12、rstand gestural use of place deixis?If the understanding of a place deixis must rely on gestures, then it is the gestural use25. How does conversational implicature explain language in terms of meaning? It explains language from functional, communicative and contextual aspects.II. Explain the follow
13、ing terms briefly. (每题4分)1. inference2. linguistic context3. Pragmatics4. appropriacy5. indirect meaning6. politeness7. face wants8. non-linguistic context9. deixis10. conversational implicature11. context12. co-operative principle13. presupposition14. calendric use of time deixis答案：1. Inference mea
14、ns that we often infer or make guesses as to what the speaker intends to mean when he says something?2. It refers to the language that surrounds or accompanies a piece of utterance or discourse under analysis.3. Pragmatics studies the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction
15、and the effects of our choice on others.4. Appropriacy means that people should say the right thing to the right person with the right manner at the right place and in the right situation.5. Indirect meaning is the meaning that people intend to convey. It is also termed as the communicative meaning
16、or contextual meaning.6. Politeness is showing awareness of others public self-image. Usually politeness can be understood as various means that people use in either situations of social closeness or situations of social distance.7. Face wants refer to ones face expectations. Normally people expect that others will respect their f
