《翻译理论与实践第6讲 词语的翻译课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《翻译理论与实践第6讲 词语的翻译课件（20页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Chapter Six Translation of Words (3),Translation of Idioms and Four-Character Structures 成语及四字格的翻译,邓颖超致宋美龄的信,To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful. From his friend, Richard Nixon 赠给亨利基辛格： 你总能献出英明的计策，用全部心血进行忘我的工作，积
2、极承担份外的事务，我为此将永远感激你。 你的朋友：理查德尼克松 赠言亨利基辛格： 善进良策 献身尔职 逾于所司 永志不渝 你的朋友：理查德尼克松,Idioms,Idioms: fixed phrases and short sentences. Most of the idioms are four-character structures. e.g.空中楼阁、鼎鼎大名、青出于蓝、有声有色、欢天喜地、见风使舵、沉鱼落雁 Exceptions: 敲门砖；莫须有；想当然；桃李满天下；真金不怕火炼；心有余而力不足；江山易改，本性难移；只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯,Four-Character Stru
3、ctures,e.g. 本系统多次获奖，品种齐全，性能可靠，功能完善，配置灵活，调试简单，外观新潮，价格公道。 四字格词语内部的逻辑语意组合关系： 主谓关系：波涛汹涌、经济复苏、民族自治； 动宾关系：实行三包、搞活经济、抓住机遇； 动补关系：包揽无余、搭配不当、合作顺利； 并列关系：求真务实、抓大放小、走南闯北； 限定关系：社会力量、分外高兴、认真对待；,Translation strategies of Idioms,(1)套译法(Corresponding Translation) a. 两个词语的字面意义和蕴涵意义基本一致 趁热打铁strike while the iron is hot
4、 眼见为实Seeing is believing 隔墙有耳Walls have ears 自投罗网throw oneself into the trap 嗤之以鼻turn up ones nose at 充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to 熟能生巧 practice makes perfect,b. 两个成语的比喻形象有所差异，但比喻意义基本一致 笑掉大牙laugh off ones head 东张西望look right and left 抛砖引玉to throw a sprat to catch a herring 挥金如土to spend money like water 无
5、风不起浪There is no smoke without fire 挂羊头卖狗肉 cry up wine and sell vinegar 有志者事竟成 Where there is a will, there is a way,c.有些汉语成语原本是翻译的产物，因此可直接以英语成语回译。 以眼还眼an eye for an eye 君子协定a gentlemans agreement 武装到牙齿 armed to the teeth 鳄鱼的眼泪 crocodiles tears,（2）直译法（Literal Translation）,如鱼得水feel just like fish in w
6、ater 临阵磨枪sharpen ones spear only before going into battle 对牛弹琴play the harp to a bull 猫哭老鼠 The cat weeps over the mouse. 一寸光阴一寸金 An inch of time is an inch of gold.,所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且处于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如“槁木死灰”一般，一概无见无闻 红楼梦第四回 So this young widow living in the lap of luxury was no better than withered wood or cold
7、ashes, taking no interest in the outside world （杨宪益、戴乃迭译） But sometimes literal translation cannot work. e.g. 布衣蔬食 wear clothes of cotton and eat vegetables? 胸有成竹 Have a bamboo in ones stomach?,扬眉吐气 To feel proud and elated 开门见山 Come straight to the point 毛遂自荐 To volunteer ones service 初出茅庐 At the b
8、eginning of ones career 悬梁刺股 To be extremely hard-working in ones study 先斩后奏 To act before reporting,（3）意译法（Free Translation）,我要是有个三长两短，你给玉山捎个话！ If anything should happen to me, let Yushan know! 这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words. 他们和群众血肉相连，休
9、戚与共。 They maintain the closest relations with the masses and share their weal and woe. 敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.,（4）合译法（Combination ）,冷淡的阳光照着他们的愁眉苦脸和长发白眼。 The cold, pale sunlight fell on their gloomy faces, long hair and lustreless eyes. 忽闻有人在牡丹亭畔，长吁短叹
10、。 Suddenly he heared a rustle in the peony pavilion and someone sighing deeply. “这断子绝孙的阿Q！” 远远地听得小尼姑的带哭的声音。 “AH Q, may you die sonless!” sounded the little nuns voice tearfully in the distance.,虽说是一枝小草，又无花朵，其妩媚之态，不禁心动神怡，魂消魄丧。 红楼梦第116回 though it was so small and had no blossoms its delicate grace was
11、 utterly enchanting. 今日各自进去，孤孤凄凄，举目无亲，须要自己保重！ 红楼梦第119回 Today, entering for the examination, you are going to be entirely on your own, so youll have to take care of yourslves!,(5)直译+注释(Annotation),风声鹤唳 The whistling of winds and the crying of cranesstate of fear and turmoil 叶公好龙 Lord Yes love of drag
12、on-professed love of what one really fears 青出于蓝 Green comes from blue but excels blue- the learners surpass the master/teacher,“难道这也是个痴丫头，又像颦儿来葬花不成？”因又自笑道：“若真也葬花，可谓东施效颦了；不但不为新奇，而且更是可厌”。 （曹雪芹红楼梦第三十回） “Can this be another absurd maid come to bury flowers like Daiyu?” he wondered in some amusement. “If
13、 so, shes Dongshi imitating Xishi, (Xishi was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Dongshi was an ugly girl who tried to imitate her way) which isnt original but rather tiresome”. （杨宪益、戴乃迭译）,Translation strategies ofFour-Character Structures,他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。 He is determined to turn over a ne
14、w leaf. 本店货色齐全，品种多样，任君挑选。 We have a good assortment of goods to choose from. 花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。 The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.,进入桂花公园，阵阵桂香扑鼻而来。满树金花，芳香四溢的金桂；花白如雪、香气扑鼻的银桂；红里透黄，花多味浓的紫砂桂；花色似
15、银、季季有花的四季桂，竞相开放，争妍媲美。 The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees. Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their blossoms.,Exercises,水中捞月 轻如鸿毛 物以类聚 弱不禁风 瞬息之间 白费唇舌 质地优良 品种齐全 款式繁多,To fish in the air As light as a feather Birds of a feather flock together. As weak as water In the twinkle of an eye To speak to the wind To be excellent in quality In complete range of articles With various patterns,
