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1、X-R 控制图,過程控制,a)計算及繪畫控制限 - 樣本容量低於7時，極差並沒有LCL,解释控制图,Change in level,Change in variability,解釋控制圖,- 確定是否有不受控的情況 - 檢查過程記錄，找出並列明任何特殊原因。 - 再計算控制限。,控制上限,(UCL),控制下限,(LCL),控制上限,(UCL),控制下限,(LCL),受控過程,不受擯過程,Test 1. One Point Beyond Zone A,Test 2. Nine Points in a Row on One Side of the Center Line,Test 3. Six P
2、oints in a Row Steadily Increasing or Decreasing,Test 4. Fourteen Points in a Row Alternating Up and Down,x,x,x,x,x,x,控制图失控检验,Test 5. Two Out of Three Points in a Row in Zone A or Beyond,Test 6. Four Out of Five Points in a Row in Zone B and Beyond,Test 7. Fifteen Points in a Row in Zone C (Above an
3、d Below Centerline),Test 8. Eight Points in a Row on Both Sides of Centerline with None in Zone C,x,x,x,x,x,x,x,控制图的失控检验,控制图失控检验,One point above UCL,Two out of three successive point here or above,Four out of five successive point here or above,Seven out of eight successive point here or above,One p
4、oint above LCL,Two out of three successive point here or bellow,Four out of five successive point here or bellow,Seven out of eight successive point here or bellow,3s,2s,1s,-3s,-2s,-1s,0,34.1%,13.6%,34.1%,13.6%,2.2%,2.2%,0.1%,0.1%,Seasonal Trends: These could be caused by systematic changes like: te
5、mperature, operator fatigue, voltage or pressure fluctuations, etc.,Mixtures: A clear indication is when most of the points are close to the control limits, and almost no points near the center line. These are usually due to underestimating the process variability or “over-control” , where operators
6、 intervene with the process frequently trying to respond to inherent variability instead of assignable causes. This also occurs when controlling two processes on the same chart.,控制图的趋势判断规则,Changes in process means: These are usually due to the introduction of new operators, machines, procedures, etc
7、. Can also happen because of process improvements.,Upward/Downward Trends: Continuous trending on the same direction. These are usually caused by component wear among others.,控制图的趋势判断规则,“White Space”: Points tend to cluster around the mean. Usually caused by: (1) incorrect control limits (overestima
8、ting process variability), (2) continuous improvements paying-off. Limits should be recalculated when this situation is found.,控制图的趋势判断规则,製 程 控 制,對特殊原因採取的措施 1.即時分析失控情況是非常重要的，以便將不符合規格的產品減至最少；並取得新的數據作調查分析。 2.特殊原因可以是正面或負面 3.在控制圖中，我們可能會在任何單值子組中得到一個特殊原因的錯誤信息。,Example of OCAP in W7PT,1、有时候读书是一种巧妙地避开思考的方法。
9、20.9.120.9.1Tuesday, September 1, 2020 2、阅读一切好书如同和过去最杰出的人谈话。11:53:1211:53:1211:539/1/2020 11:53:12 AM 3、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。20.9.111:53:1211:53Sep-201-Sep-20 4、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。11:53:1211:53:1211:53Tuesday, September 1, 2020 5、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。20.9.120.9.111:53:1211:53:12September 1, 2020 6、意志坚强的人能把
10、世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。2020年9月1日星期二上午11时53分12秒11:53:1220.9.1 7、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。2020年9月上午11时53分20.9.111:53September 1, 2020 8、业余生活要有意义，不要越轨。2020年9月1日星期二11时53分12秒11:53:121 September 2020 9、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自强不息。上午11时53分12秒上午11时53分11:53:1220.9.1 10、你要做多大的事情，就该承受多大的压力。9/1/2020 11:53:12 AM11:53:122020/9/1 11、自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。9/1/2020 11:53 AM9/1/2020 11:53 AM20.9.120.9.1 12、这一秒不放弃，下一秒就会有希望。1-Sep-201 September 202020.9.1 13、无论才能知识多么卓著，如果缺乏热情，则无异纸上画饼充饥，无补于事。Tuesday, September 1, 20201-Sep-2020.9.1 14、我只是自己不放过自己而已，现在我不会再逼自己眷恋了。20.9.111:53:121 September 202011:53,谢谢大家,
