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1、一. 现在完成时的含义及用法一. 现在完成时的含义及用法 1. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。并对现在有影响。 2. 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型： 肯定式：肯定式： 主语主语 + 助动词助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词. 否定式否定式: 主语主语 + 助动词助动词 have/has + not + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词. 疑问式：疑问式： 助动词助动词 Have/Has + 主语主语 + 动词的过去分词动
2、词的过去分词? 用法用法现在完成时表示过去发生的动作现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。并对现在有影响。 Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的窗户现在是坏的) I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙我现在没有钥匙) I havent read that book yet . (不了解书的内容不了解书的内容) I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的手是干净的) 此时，现在完成时常与此时，现在完成时常与 already(已经已经), yet(已经已经), just(刚刚刚刚),
3、ever(曾经曾经)等词连用，通常放在助 动词之后，过去分词之前。 等词连用，通常放在助 动词之后，过去分词之前。 already: 常用于肯定句中常用于肯定句中. yet: 用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾用于否定句，翻译为还没。疑问句尾.翻译为已经翻译为已经 1. 你已经找到你的书了吗你已经找到你的书了吗? 2. 他们在这个城市建了许多房子他们在这个城市建了许多房子. 3. Judy 还没到达还没到达. 4. 你吃过早饭了吗你吃过早饭了吗? 用法用法 现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned Engli
4、sh for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since ( 自从自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从自从) 3 oclock? for+ 时间段时间段 since+时间点时间点 , since+ 句子句子 Mr. Brown has had his TV _15 years. Ive taken driving lessons _last month. My sister has had her cell phone _a month . My friends havent visited me _
5、 my birthday. We havent used our car _a long time . She hasnt had a good cup of coffee _ years. Tom has worn glasses _he was 7 years old. 二.二. have been 与与 have gone 的用法比较的用法比较 have been to “到过，去过到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to “去了去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。，表示已经去了某地，现在人
6、可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in “呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了” 三. 实义动词分为实义动词分为: 瞬间动词瞬间动词 、延续动词、延续动词 瞬间动词：borrow, die, join, begin, start, finish, end, leave, buy, arrive, come 在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。在现在完成时的肯定句中，瞬间动词不能与表示短时间的句子连用，否定句中可以。 瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式瞬间动词若要连用可替换成别的表达方式: 1. 瞬间动词可用于瞬间动词可用于“段时间段时间
7、+ ago ” 的一般过去时句型的一般过去时句型 2. 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语.与段时间连用与段时间连用 动作状态 dieBe dead Borrow/buyKeep/had leaveBe away arriveBe here beginBe on End/finishBe over joinBe in marryBe married 例句：例句： 他的爷爷已经去世 他的爷爷已经去世 2 年了。年了。 Nick 参军参军 3 年了年了. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 他离开深圳好长时间了。 这本书我已借了 这本书我已借了 4 个月了个月
8、了. 1. The famous writer _ a new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 2. Have you met Mr. Li _？ . Just . ago .before .a moment ago 3.How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be e
9、ven _ . . has changed; well . changed; good . has changed; better . changed; better 5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish 6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have
10、known . Knew 7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see 8.These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone 9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . . was studying . will
11、 study . has studied . are; studying 10.His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined .has joined . was in . has been in 11.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still
12、13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 14. It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been 16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have be
13、en in . have been to . have gone to . have been 17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 答案: 一 用法 Have you found your book yet? They have built many buildings in this city. Judy hasnt arrived yet. Have you had breakfast ? 用法 For; since; for;
14、 since; for; for; since 三 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years. It is 2 years since his grandpa died. Nick has been in the army for 3 years. It is 3 years since Nick joined the army. He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time. It is a long time since he left Shenzhen. I have had/kept the book for 4 months. It is 4 months since I borrowed the book . 选择题： 1-5 DCACB 6-10 CBBCD 11-15 BBCAA 16-17 BD
