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1、第二篇阅读 第二节意义猜测题的解题技巧,根据语境猜测生词或短语的意思，或者推断熟词生义，是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能，因此，意义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。题干中通常含有mean，refer to 或者 be replaced by 等。,1The word “ABC”in the passage probably means _ 2The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _ 3Which of the following is closest/nearest
2、in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph? 4The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ 5The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to _,一、常见的设问形式,1根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使它的文字意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一
3、句或者同一段落中。如： At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business，nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.,二、解题技巧,根据 nor结构后的money，bank 可以推测capital 在这里不是指“首都”而是指“资金”。 2根据反义词关系推测。 作者常常通过使用反义词来使文章更具表现力，我们可以利用反义词作为线索去推测句中出现的生词的意思：一看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，whil
4、e，however等；二看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。如：,(1)He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother. 根据not at all.handsome我们不难推测出homely即“不英俊的、不漂亮的”意思。 (2)Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 从句子结构看，expand与contract相对应，when heated与when cooled相对应。因为“加热”与“使冷却”是相反的动作，那么contract就应是“收缩”的意思。,3根据同位或解释
5、关系推测。 当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。我们可以通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测生词的意思。常见的用来表示同位或解释关系的词或短语有：is，means，or.；that is，that is to say；in other words，to put it another way；be called，.is/are known as (被称为)，.can be defined as等。如：,(1)But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.
6、Then there is a dry period，or drought 由or可知a dry period和drought是同义语。故drought的意思为“久旱，旱灾”。 (2)It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is，it will break easily. 从后面的“that is，it will break easily”可知brittle 是“脆的”的意思。,4根据转折或对比关系推测。 由上下句之间的表示转折或对比关系的连词或副词，如but，however等来推断。如： She is usually prompt for
7、 all her class，but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 由but后面“第一节课上了一半才来”反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。,5根据因果关系推测。 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词，既可由因推果，也可由果推因。有时文章借助关联词，如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示因果关系。如： (1)You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it
8、 wasnt his fault. 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。,(2)The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanentSo the player could never play the sport again. 从so后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。 6根据列举的实例推测。 根据such as，for example等后列举的实例可推测出前面某个词语的意思。
9、如：,Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt，headlights，and good brakes. 根据such as后面列举的内容可知devices应该为“装置”的意思。 7根据并列同类关系推测。 一般来说，并列的几个事物应属同类事物，由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。如：,Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas. 从句子中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，orang
10、es是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是“菠萝”和“椰子”。 8根据描述推测。 描述即作者为帮助读者更深入感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。如：,The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish. 从描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类，后面更详尽的
11、描述则让我们推测出它其实是“企鹅”。,例1 Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study，if the cat is adopted before the dog，
12、and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats，a year for dogs)，it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimminglyTwothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.,三、典例精析,The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragra
13、ph 2 is closest in meaning to_ Aearly Bsweetly Cquickly Dsmoothly,意义猜测题。第一句提出问题“猫狗能否同屋和谐相处？”，第二句讲人们“担心猫狗打架”，第三句说最新的研究发现成功解决猫狗打架的“新秘方(a new recipe of success)”，接下来就应是“秘方”了，swimmingly所在句便是讲发现的“秘方”。本句前面是条件，有了这些条件(即“秘方”)，两者就会“相处好”了；再由本句后面一句中的“a positive relationship between their cat and dog”可以进一步确定猫狗“相
14、处得好”，故选D。,D,例2 “Have a nice day.Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words come out in the same tone (腔调)with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not_to_me. Obviously，the concern for my day and every
15、one elses is the managements attempt to increase business. What does the underlined sentence in the Paragraph mean?,AThe salesgirl is rude. BThe salesgirl is bored. CThe salesgirl cares about me. DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.,意义猜测题。由该段最后一句“Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone
16、elses is the managements attempt to increase business.”可知。此题也可以通过分析其他三个选项得出答案，A、B、C三个选项文中均未提及，属于无中生有。,D,例3 Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5，7，11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fe
