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1、春天还会远吗 ? will it still be far in spring?,冬天已经来了, Winter has already come,现在完成时态,Winter has already come.,现在完成时的构成形式,have done has,助动词,过去分词,肯定句：主语+have/has +过去分词 否定句：主语+have/has +not+过去分词 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词,用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。 They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人
2、不在这里 I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿,现在完成时的含义,也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢,now,past,future,一般过去时,现在完成时,一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情 现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响,现在完成时与一般过去时的比较,1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响
3、，强调的是影响。,I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to no
4、w, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语,句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时， 不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动
5、词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是团员的状态可持续),since 用来说明动作起始时间 “自从” for用
6、来说明动作延续时间长度 “长达” I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.,比较since和for,注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked he
7、re for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。),He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。,比较 have/has been to have/has gone to,He went to Shanghai last week.,他(曾经)到/去过上海 在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了,他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里,上周他做了一件事:那就是去了上海,He has been to Shanghai.,H
8、e has gone to Shanghai.,He has been in Shanghai for 10 years.,他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢,辨析这些句子 由时态导致的 含义上的差别,He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the m
9、otorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He
10、 has kept the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago. 5. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 (keys),6. He left
11、here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _
12、for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army.,6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army.,
