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1、复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点: 1. 句法作用 (除谓语外的其他成分),2. 时态和语态(以do为例),时态与语态的判断方法: 时态:非谓语动词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式,否则,就用一般式。 语态:当非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动关系,用主动式;是被动关系,用被动式。,3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语。,4. 有特殊要求的动词或短语动词。 有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask, demand(要求), plan, intend, mean(计划), manage, do/try ones best, make an attempt, learn(学习), wish, h
2、ope, desire, expect, long, want, would like, should like, would prefer (希望、愿意), agree, promise(同意), decide, determine, choose, make a decision, make up ones mind(决定), offer(主动提出), apply(申请), help(帮助), fail(不能、没有), prepare(准备), pretend(假装), refuse(拒绝), happen(碰巧), afford(负担得起)等。, 有的动词或短语动词后只能用动名词而不 能
3、接不定式。如allow, permit(允许), consider( 考虑), suggest, advice(建议), keep (on)(反复; 不停), finish(完成), imagine(想象), practise (练 习), understand(明白), appreciate, enjoy(喜欢), miss(错过; 怀念), prevent(阻止), forbid(禁止), escape(避免), include(包括), forgive, pardon, excuse(原谅), dislike(厌恶), discuss(讨论), report (报道), admit(承认
4、), mind(介意), risk(冒险), cant stand(不能忍受), burst out(突然开始), feel like (想要), insist on(坚持), delay, put off(推迟), give up(放弃), be busy(忙于), be worth(值得)等。, 下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同:remember to do(记住去做),remember doing(记得做过);forget to do(忘记去做),forget doing(忘记做过);regret to do (遗憾地做),regret doing(后悔做了);try to
5、 do(设法做),try doing(试做);go on to do(接着做另一事),go on doing(继续做同一事);mean to do(打算做),mean doing(意味着);stop to do(停下来去做),stop doing(停止做);cant help to do(不能帮助做),cant help doing(情不自禁做)。, 在介词后一般用动名词,下面是一些含介 词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略):prevent /stop /keep from doing (阻止做);spend /waste time or money in doing (在做方面花费/浪费
6、时间或金钱);How /What about doing sth.(做怎么样?);have some difficulty/trouble in doing (在做方面有些困难);have a hard time in doing sth.(做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做 是没有理由/道理的);thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。, to是介词的固定词组很多,常见的有:look for
7、ward to(盼望), devoteto /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于,能胜任), belong to(属于)等。 (6)在表示“需要”的need, want, require等后用v-ing的主动式表示被动含义,此时也可用不定式的被动式。,(7)在make, let, have(使,让)等使役动词后
8、作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to,但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear, see, watch等 感观动词后,作宾补时,用原形表示动作全过程;用现在分词表示当时正在发生;若是被动语态,原形前要加上to。 此外,表示情感的动词,其分词作形容词用时,v-ing表示“令人的”事物,v-ed表示人“感到的”。如surprising令人吃惊的(事物);surprised(人)感到吃惊的。,熟读深思,Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen. It is a great honor for me to introduce1 this English speech
9、competition. As we all know, to master2 a foreign language is very important for us. Taking part3 in English speech is a helpful way to learn English4. Everyone wants to show5their best. When we have been preparing for it, we can improve our listening and speaking6 ability, developing7 a good habit
10、of learning English8.,In the process of the competition, you should pay attention to the rules made by us9. First, you should make your voice heard10 clearly by everyone, so reading aloud11 is very necessary. Second, you try your best to express12 yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should fi
11、nish your speech in five minutes. I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied13 with our performance. Thank you!,汉语译文:大家下午好,很荣幸给大家介绍本次的英语演讲比赛。我们都知道掌握一门外语对我们很重要。参加本次比赛将对学习英语有很大的帮助。大家都想在比赛中展现自我。当我们在充分准备的过程中我们提高了自己的听说能力,养成了学英语的良好习惯。 在比赛过程中,大家必须遵
12、守我们制定的以下规则。第一,必须要让大家能清楚地听到你的演讲,因此大声朗读是非常必要的;第二,要尽力做到流利地用英语表达你的思想。最后,你必 须在五分钟之内完成你的演讲。 我坚信,我们的赛事将会取得圆满成功,观众也会对选手们的表现感到满意!谢谢大家!,本文是在英语演讲比赛前的讲话, 讲话内容包括比赛的益处, 比赛过程中的注意事项, 以及预祝比赛成功。 1. to introduce this English speech competition是不定式作真正的主语,it是形式主语。 2. to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。 3. Taking part
13、in English speech是动名词短语作主语。 4. to learn English 是不定式作定语,修饰way。 5. to show their best是不定式作宾语,在want, hope, decide等动词后,若用动词作宾语,只能用不定式。 6. listening and speaking是动名词作定语,修饰ability,表示类别。,7. developing a good habit of learning English 现在分词短语作状语。 8. learning English 是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。 9. made by us 是过去分词短语作后置定
14、语。 10. heard clearly by everyone 是过去分词短语作宾补。 11. reading aloud 是动名词短语作主语。 12. to express yourself in English fluently 是不定式作目的状语。 13. satisfied 是过去分词作形容词,在句中作表语,意为“感到满意的”。,非谓语动词与高考,1.非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析确定是不是非谓语动词,然后根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如: 作主语或宾语,就用动名词(一般)或不定式形式(具体)。, 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动
15、词不定式。 作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词。 有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/ hear/notice sb. do/doing sth.,spend doing sth.等。,2. 短文改错中,有动词形式错误,如本该用动名词作主语却用了原形;在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形,本该用现在分词的却用了过去分词。另外,不定式符号to的多用或少用也常考。,1. Mary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _(wear
16、) sun glasses.,因已有谓语动词appeared,动词wear前又没有并列连词,即wear不是并列谓语,它应是非谓语动词,作状语, 表示伴随情况; 又因he与wear是主动关系,故用现在分词。,wearing,灵活运用,一、单句填空,2. I noticed a man 18 _ (sit)at the front.,已有谓语动词noticed, 且sit前没有并列连词, 因此, sit是非谓语动词; 由固定句式notice sb. doing/do sth. (注意到某人在做/做了某事) 可知, 填sitting或sit, 但我们认为, 根据文中提供的情境, 不难推出, 作者“注意到”时, 那个人是“正坐在”作者前面的, 故填sitting更准确、更切实际,也更生动。,sitting/sit,3. He spit it out, _(say) it was awful.,因句中已有谓语spit, 此处又没有连词, say不是并列谓语, 而是非谓语动词; 又因he与say是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状