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1、补充:,1. 两者和多者的代词。, 表示否定可说noteither/any,但没有either/anynot的说法。, none 既可指人,也可指物。它强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”,常用于回答how much和how many开头的问句;还可与介词of连用。no one只能指人(=nobody),不能接of短语,常用于回答who开头的问句。 both/all/every 等与not连用表示部分否定,意为“并非都”。,2. 表“另外的,别的”的代词。, 单独的other只能作定语。 搭配:someothers有些有些;onethe other一个(特指两者中的)另一个 特殊:anothe
2、r用于“another基数词(few)复数名词” 中,与“基数 (some)other/more复数名词” 相当。,3.区分几个替代词。 it和that都替代“the+单数名词”,都是特指,都可替代可数和不可数名词;但it指前面提到的 “同一” 事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类” 事物。 one替代 “a单数可数名词”,表示泛指;其复数形式ones替代泛指的复数名词。, the one是one的特指,替代 “the+单数可数名词”,相当于that;其复数形式those,替代 “the+复数名词”,在口语中也可用those代替。当后面有of短语时,多用that或those; 当有前置修饰语时
3、, 只能用one(s)。,We1 students should get on well with each other2. But in fact, something unpleasant can happen from time to time. For example, yesterday afternoon, it3was fine. All4 of us went out to the playground. Some were playing games and others5 were playing football when two boys of us quarreled
4、 and then fought. Every one6 of us was confused because they were ever very good friends and nobody7 could exactly tell what8 they fought for.,熟读深思,Neither9 of them wanted to give in to the other10. I thought it11 wrong of them to do so. So I tried to tell them 12 that we should put ourselves13 in o
5、thers shoes, but both14 of them were too angry to calm down. It 15 was not until our head teacher came that they parted. In my opinion, it16 is necessary for us to calm down and solve problems that we meet. Only those17 who can easily forgive and forget will get a more comfortable life.,汉语译文:我们学生之间应
6、当和睦相处,但事实上,一些不愉快的事也时有发生。例如,昨天下午,天气很好,我们都出去到了操场上。有些人在做游戏,另一些人在踢足,突然我们中有两个男生就吵架了,后来还打起来。我们每个人都感到困惑,因为他们是很要好的朋友。也没有人能准确知道是为什么事打架。他们谁也不愿屈服于另一方。我认为他们这样做是不对的。因此,我试图告诉他们我们要设身处地为对方着想,但两个人都非常生气,安静不下来。直到我们的班主任来了,他们才分开。我认为,冷静下来处理我们遇到的问题是非常必要的。只有那些容易宽容的人才能过得更安逸。,1. We是人称代词主格, 在本句中作主语。 2. each other与one another两
7、个叫相互代词, 在句中只能作及物动词或介词的宾语。在正式英语里, 前者指两者, 后者指三者或以上, 但在现代英语里实际没有这种区别。本句中的each other作介词with的宾语。 3. it指天气。 4. all 不定代词,在本句中作主语。 5. someothers是固定句式,表示“一些人另一些人”。 6. every one不定代词,在本句中作主语, 注意, every one常接of短语,但everyone (=everybody)不与of短语连用。,7. nobody (=no one)表示“没有一个人”,在本句中作主语。若与of短语连用,则要用none,如None of them
8、 has /have been there.他们中没有一个人去过那里。 8. what 疑问代词,意为“什么”,在宾语从句中作fought for的宾语。 9. neither指两者中的“没有一个”,在本句中作主语。 10. the other 特指两者中的“另外一个”,在本句中作介词to的宾语。 11. it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。,12. them是人称代词的宾格,在句中作宾语。 13.ourselves是反身代词,在本句中作put的宾语。反身代词在句中一般作宾语,也可作主语或宾语的同位语。 14. both表示“两者都”,在本句中作主语。 15. it用于构成强调结构,it
9、 was not untilthat意为“直到才”。 16. it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。 17. those 表示“那些人”,相当于those people。,1. 语法填空的纯空格题,重点考查人称代词,其次是不定代词以及作形式主语或形式宾语的it。 2. 在给词题中,可能给出人称代词,要求考生填其物主代词或反身代词,也可能是给主格填宾格。 3. 在短文改错中,考查上下文人称不一致,单复数不一致,性别不一致,以及人称代词的格的误用等。,代词与高考,解这类题时注意以下几点: 1.纯空格的语法填空题,当句子缺主语或宾语时,填代词。因为在句中充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填
10、空的纯空格中是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺少主语或宾语,就该填代词。,2.在确定填代词后,再根据语境,弄清所缺主语或宾语具体指代上文或下文中的具体内容,结合上述几种代词的不同意义和用法,确定填具体哪个代词。在选择代词时,我们要从人称、性别、数量等方面进行考虑,是指代人还是指代物,是男还是女,是单数还是复数。 3.熟记一些习惯的搭配,如someothers, those who, by myself等。,灵活运用,一、单句填空,1. Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friends t
11、o share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.,作介词of的宾语,应填代词;由句意可知,是指在16个国家所调查的“那些人”中有一半说他们首先去找最亲密的朋友分享他们内心深处的愿望和恐惧;指“那些人”,用those。,those,2. At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.,2. 作介词to的宾语, 应填代词;后面的described in this magazine是过去分词作定语, 所填代词应替代复数名词the machin
12、es, 即这本杂志中所描述的机器,故填those。,those,3. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones. 在连词than后应填代词,作主语;替代前面不可数名词the traffic。 4. Ive lived in New York and Chicago, but dont like _ of them very much. 作dont like的宾语,应填代词;指这两者中“任何一个”都不喜欢。,that,either,5. Although Rosemary
13、had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.,作lost的宾语,应填代词;none of+不可数名词表示“一点也没有”。,none,6. Its an either-or situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.,作do的宾语,应填代词;由or可知,只能是两者中任选一种,不能做这两件事,即部分否定,是notboth。,both,7. _ can be
14、 good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it. 缺主语,填代词;由he可知是指人,由句意可知是指“没有任何人”。 8. This project requires close teamwork. _ will be achieved unless we work well together. 缺主语, 填代词; 由句意“这项工作需要团队合作。如果我们不一起把工作做好,就不会有所成就”可知,填nothing。achieve nothing没有成就,一事无成。,Nobody,Nothing,9. If youre buying today
15、s paper from the stand, could you get _ for me? 在get后作宾语,应填代词;指代“a/an+单数可数名词(a paper)”,应填one。 10. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but _ of them wants to, because they have work to do. 在but后的分句中作主语,应填代词;由but可知,Bill 和Peter两个人都不想去,指“两者都不”,用neither。,one,neither,11. We have various
16、summer camps for your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. 作choose的宾语,应填代词;指根据你的兴趣,在各种夏令营中选择一种,即指代 “a summer camp”,用one。 12. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _. 作order的宾语,应填代词;指代“另外一杯”,用another。,one,another,13. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _. 作increase的宾语,应填代词;指代前面的the employment rate,代替“the +单数名词”