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1、Brief Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering,2011.5.30,Brief Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering,Among all of the essentials for human existence, the need to interact with others ranks just below our need to sustain life. Communication is almost as important
2、to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and shelter. The methods that we use to share ideas and information are constantly changing and evolving. Whereas the human network was once limited to face-to-face conversations, media breakthroughs continue to extend the reach of our communications. From
3、the printing press to mobile phone, each new development has improved and enhanced our communication.,The development of Communication,（1）In ancient times ，information could be transferred through light or sound。 光通信：中国-烽火台、希腊火炬的位置表示字母符号 声通信：中国击鼓鸣金 （2）Beginning and turning point： 1837-Morse-telegram
4、；1876-Bell-telephone；1895-Marconi-radio,The development of Communication,development of transmission channel multicore cableCoaxial Cableoptical fiber 多芯电缆同轴电缆光纤 development of Communication components vacuum tubetransistorintegrate circuitlarge scale integrated circuit 真空管晶体管集成电路大规模集成电路 development
5、 of transmission method telegram voice Much carrier modulationpulse - code modulation 电报-声音多载波调幅pcm development of range of message voice text graph， image 声音文字图形、图像,The development of Communication,As with every advance in communication technology, the creation and interconnection of robust data ne
6、tworks is having a profound effect. Early data networks were limited to exchanging character-based information between connected computer systems. Current networks have evolved to carry voice, video streams, text, and graphics between many different types of devices. Previously separate and distinct
7、 communication forms have converged onto a common platform. This platform provides access to a wide range of alternative and new communication methods that enable people to interact directly with each other almost instantaneously.,The future of Communication,（3）5w：whatever wherever whoever whomever
8、whenever 任何人在任何时间、任何地点接收来自任何人的任何信息,The future of Communication,What is Communication？,As we all know，networks can support the way we learn，the way we work and the way we play.Living in a network-centric world,communication is an essential part of our lives.,What is Communication？,What is Communicati
9、on？,Communication in our daily lives takes many forms and occurs in many environments. Each situation has its corresponding expected behaviors and styles. Establishing the Rules Before beginning to communicate with each other, we establish rules or agreements to govern the conversation. These rules,
10、 or protocols, must be followed in order for the message to be successfully delivered and understood. Among the protocols that govern successful human communication are: An identified sender and receiver Agreed upon method of communicating (face-to-face, telephone, letter, photograph) Common languag
11、e and grammar Speed and timing of delivery Confirmation or acknowledgement requirements,Ensure Quality of Communications,Communication between individuals is determined to be successful when the meaning of the message understood by the recipient matches the meaning intended by the sender. The extern
12、al factors affecting communication are related to the complexity of the network and the number of devices a message must pass through on its route to its final destination.,Ensure Quality of Communications,Internal factors that interfere with network communication are related to the nature of the me
13、ssage itself. Both the internal and external factors that affect the receipt of a message must be anticipated and controlled for network communications to be successful. New innovations in network hardware and software are being implemented to ensure the quality and reliability of network communicat
14、ions.,Communication over Networks,Being able to reliably communicate to anyone, anywhere, is becoming increasingly important to our personal and business lives. In order to support the immediate delivery of the millions of messages being exchanged between people all over the world, we rely on a web
15、of interconnected networks. These data or information networks vary in size and capabilities, but all networks have four basic elements in common: Rules or agreements to govern how the messages are sent, directed, received and interpreted The messages or units of information that travel from one dev
16、ice to another A means of interconnecting these devices - a medium that can transport the messages from one device to another Devices on the network that exchange messages with each other,The Elements of a Network,The diagram shows elements of a typical network, including devices, media, and services, tied together by rules, that work together to send messages.,The Elements of a Network：devices,The Elements of a Network：devices,Switch
