第七讲,省略问题,第七讲 省略问题,省去句子中不必要的词语或成分的现象叫省略，其目的是为了避免重复，使句子简洁有力省略可分为两种类型：依靠上下文的省略和脱离上下文的省略7.1省略的种类 7.1.1依靠上下文的省略： 1）对话中的省略 “Has he come?” “Yes, he has (come).” “他来了吗？” “是的，他来了 “I have bought a new car?” “When (did you buy it)?” “我买了一辆新车 “什么时候？”,,2）并列结构中的省略 The boys and (the) girls are behaving rather oddly. 这些男孩和女孩表现得很古怪 My son won the first race and Jim (won) the second (race). 我儿子赢了第一局，吉姆赢了第二局7.2.2 脱离上下文的省略 1）习惯用法的省略，包括祈使句中的省略、某些句子开头词语等的省略 （You）Wait a minute.等一会儿 What a lovely view (it is)!景色真美啊！ (I am) Sorry; you cant come in .对不起，你不能进来。
2）语法结构所允许的省略，包括介词、连词、不定式符号to后面部分等的省略 You cant do it (in) this way . 你可以用这种方法做 Have you any idea (of) when they will come? 你知道他们什么时候来吗？,,He told me all （that）he knew . 他把所知道的一切都告诉了我 Martin wanted to swim in the river, but his mother told him not to (swim in the river). 马丁想到河里游泳，但是他母亲叫他别去不定式符号to 后面部分的省略范围很广，几乎所有的此类、各种句子成分都可以被省略有时，被省略的可以是多种句子成分，也可以是复合句的主句或从句 如：,,“Are you going to ask him for help?” (I am) Not (going to ask him for help) if I can help it.” “你要找他帮忙吗？” “能不找就不找 “When did he leave?” “I dont know ( when he left).” “他什么时候离开的？” “ 我不知道。
省略从句） “What shall I do next?” “(You can do) just as you wish.” “我下一步该做什么?” “随你的便省略主句）,,7.2 简单句中的省略 7.2.1 省略主语 (I) Beg your pardon.对不起（省略第一人称主语） (You) Come here.(你)过来省略第二人称主语） (It) Looks like rain.好像要下雨了省略第三人称主语）,,7.2.2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分 (Does) Anybody want a drink? 有人要饮料吗？ Why (are you) in such a hurry? (你) 为什么这么匆忙? Who (comes) next? 该谁了？,,7.2.3 省略主语和谓语或谓语的一部分 (Do you) Understand? (你) 明白吗？ (I am) Glad to meet you . 见到你很高兴 What a wonderful time( we had)! (我们)玩的多痛快啊！,,7.2.4 省略多种句子成分 “Do you like it?” “ (I do )Not ( like it )at all.” “你喜欢它吗？” “一点也不喜欢。
“He refused our invitation.” “Why( did he refuse it)?” “他没接受我们的邀请，” “为什么？”,,7.3 并列结构中的省略 7.3.1 词语的省略 1）省略名词短语的中心词 A.省略前面名词短语的中心词 B.省略后面名词短语的中心词,,It is either a French (movie) or an American movie. 它不是法国电影就是美国电影 We have revised fire (regulations) and flood regulations. 我们已经修改了防火和防洪条例He was against both the first motion and the second (motion). 第一项和第二项提议他都反对 You must clean the windows in this room and (the windows) in that room. 你必须把这个房间和那个房间的窗户擦干净2）省略限定词 The books and (the) magazines dont belong to him. 这些书籍和杂志不属于他。
I often write to my brothers and (my) sisters. 我经常给我的兄弟姐妹写信3）省略介词 He always drinks tea at breakfast and (at) lunch. 他早饭和午饭总是喝茶 We heard (about) and read about his adventures. 我们听到并读到过他的种种奇遇4）省略连词 I was very tired, (and) so I went home. 我很累，所以我回家了省略并列连词） If you have the right size and (if) the price is reasonable, I will buy it. 如果你有合适的尺寸，价钱也合理，那我就买它 （省略从属连词）,,5）省略关系词 How should I address a person whom I have not met before , or (whom) I know only slightly? 我应该如何称呼以前没见过的人，或者知之甚少的人？ This is a mathematical problem which seems easy but (which) is actually hard to work out. 这是一道看起来容易，但实际上却很难解的数学题。
6）省略从句 You can come either before (he arrives) or after he arrives. 你在他到达之前或之后来都行 I dont know when （the contest will be held ）and where the contest will be held. 我不知道比赛将在何时何地举行7.3.2 句子成分的省略 1）省略主语 He may see you tomorrow or (he) may call you this evening. 他可能明天去看你，或者可能今天晚上给你 My sister didnt like it, yet (she) said nothing. 我妹妹不喜欢它，但她什么也没说2）省略谓语和谓语的一部分 Stephen works here and his wife (works) in another company. 斯蒂芬在这里工作，他妻子在另外一家公司工作 Bobby ought to be praised, and Roy (ought to be) blamed. 博比应该受表扬，而罗伊应该受责备。
The worldwide race to develop an affordable synthetic fuel has so far consumed billions of dollars and__ few results.(托福题) A. yielded B. yielding C. yield has D. has a yield of,,答案：A 译文：在全世界范围内进行的研制一种能够买得起的合成燃料的竞赛，迄今已耗资数十亿美元，却没取得什么成果3）省略表语 My father seemed angry, and my mother certainly was (angry) . 我爸爸似乎很生气，我妈妈肯定很生气 Godwin has recently become (a member of the club), and I always been, a member of the club. 戈德温最近成了该俱乐部的成员，而我一直就是4）省略动词宾语 Bob planned (the house), and Tom built the house. 这所房子是由鲍勃设计、汤姆修建的。
I like (snakes), but my son fears ，snakes. 我喜欢蛇，但我的儿子怕蛇5）省略介词宾语 She drove to (Chicago), but her friends flew back from, Chicago. 她开车去的芝加哥，而她的朋友是乘飞机从那里返回的 Some people are bored with (pop music), but I am fond of, pop music. 有些人厌烦流行音乐，但是我喜欢它6）省略定语 A group of young men and (young) women are waiting outside. 一群青年男女正在外面等候省略前置定语） Most of the fruits (grown here) and vegetables grown here are exported. 这里生产的大部分水果和蔬菜都用于出口省略后置定语）,,7）省略状语 He lives (in Montreal) and works in Montreal. 他在蒙特利尔生活和工作 Kitty was born (in 1974), and her parents divorced, in 1974. 基蒂生于1974年，她的父母在当年离了婚。
8）省略宾语补足语 My nephew likes his son (to be a doctor), but my niece likes her daughter, to be a doctor. 我侄子希望儿子当医生，而我的侄女则希望女儿当医生 Becky persuaded me (to accept the compromise), and my wife urged me, to accept the compromise. 贝基劝我接受这个妥协方案，而我的妻子则催促我这样做9）省略多种句子成分 Connie must have taken the course and (Connie must have ) passed examination. 想必康尼选了这门课，而且考试及格了 He is easy in conversation and (he is) graceful in manner. 他谈吐从容，举止优雅7.4 复合句中的省略 7.4.1 宾语从句中的省略 1）在以疑问词who, what, which, when, where, 。