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1、英语 的主语,主语 + 谓语+ 宾语 +状语 英语中充当主语成分有哪些词或短语？ 1. 名词或代词 2.动词短语： A. 动名词 ：doing sth/ being done B.动词不定式： to do sth 3. 句子（宾语从句）： A. that . B. whether. C. what/ when/ where.,一. 名词或代词 1.名词前一般需要修辞词(特别是可数名词单数） 修辞词：指示代词：this , that, these, those 冠词：a / an / the 人称代词所有格：my, your, his, her,its, our , your, their 注意
2、：每次只能用一个,你的孩子 你的那个孩子 Your child Your that child 第二个词组是错的 它是个带情感的短语：译成英语： that child of yours. (your child) 模式：that/ this +名词+ of mine/ yours.,你的那部车是多脏。 她的这个裙子在国外买的。 That car of his is very dirty. This skirt of hers was bought abroad. 2.我的朋友 One of my friends A friend of mine (my friends),3. 动词短语变为名词
3、短语： 1） Make paper making paper paper making Paper cutting , stamp collecting,2) sell tickets selling tickets the selling of tickets the development of economy the development of intelligence The making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood h
4、istory,Companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商). 3) shop at home home shopping Shop in the store Store shopping 4）he arrived in Beijing His arrival in Beijing,4. 表示 “的.” 方法： 1）用人称代词所以格： My book His hometown Our work My sisters shirt The tea
5、chers office 2) 无生命的， 用of The legs of the desk,the home of the internationally celebrated Cambridge Film Festival. the ideal home of angels The site is home to Chinas largest dinosaur park. 3)用to The key to the lock The answer to the question The key to solving the problem The entrance to the hole,二
6、. 动词短语作主语： 1. 动词不定式： 不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。 完成这项工程花了他们两年时间。 掌握两门外语是必要的。 生活在大城市是一个挑战。 To complete the project took them two years. To master two foreign languages is necessary.,To live in a large city is a challenge. 分析： 1. 动词不定式作主语视为单数： 也就是说谓语用单数形式。 2. 动词不定式做主语过长，显得头重脚轻。 英语中常用it 做形式主语，把动词不定式短语（即主语）放在句末。
7、,To complete the project took them two years. It took them two years to complete the project. To master two foreign languages is necessary. It is necessary to master two foreign language.,To live in a large city is a challenge. It is a challeng to live in a large city. 用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时 ,不能用It
8、is to的句型 . （对）To teach is to learn. （错）It is to learn to teach.,3. 动词不定式的逻辑主语 用for +名词和代词的宾格放在不定式的前面。 Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. It is important for us young people to learn English a
9、nd master it.,Its very kind you to help us. It seemed selfish him not to give them anything. 这种情况我们不能用for .因为 For you to help us is very kind. For him not to give them anything seemed selfish. 句子不通，不符合逻辑。 此时我们用of 来引导。,It is very kind of you to help us. You are so kind as to help us. It seemed selfis
10、h of him not to give them anything. He seemed so selfish as not to give them anything. So adj as to do sth: 如此.以致,这种情况是由形容词决定的： 表示人物性格，特征和评价人物的行为等 kind, nice, polite, careful, foolish, honest, right, brave, selfish(自私的) , generous(慷慨的),unwise, wrong, wise.等 句型：It is +adj.+of sb+to do sth.,4. It is名词
11、（a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, ones duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job.）不定式 It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash. It is a pity to have to go without her. It is a glorious death to die for the people. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle Sch
12、ool.,It requires patience to be a good teacher. It made him extremely happy to get contact 。,2. 动名词做主语 1）表示经常性的动作. 2) 视为单数（即谓语用单数） 早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good. 考试作弊毁坏人的性格。 Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.,3.动名词的否定： 在动名词前加not 4.动名词的逻辑主语： 用名
13、词的所有格放在动名词前。 他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。 His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.,Lao Lis going wont be of much help. 5. 动名词做主语一般不后置， 但如果表语是no use, no good , a waste of time, worthwhile 时常后置。 Its no use going there today; he wont be at hom
14、e. Its a waste of time arguing about it. Its no good waiting here. Lets walk home.,it is worthwhile having such a companion. It is worthwhile to improve working conditions for the workers. 努力提高工厂工人的工作条件是值得做的。,三.句子做主语（主语从句） 1.that 引导的从句 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time su
15、rprised us all. That we shall be late is certain. 说明： 1）该句子是完整的句子（陈述句） ，that 不能省略。 That 没有实际意义。只是起替身的作用。,2)that引导的从句做主语视为单数（即谓语用单数） 3.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面. It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。这时，在口语中，连词that有时则可以省略。 That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall
16、be late.,That the driver could not control his car was obvious. It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.,用it 作形式主语的结构: It is 名词从句 : It is a fact that. It is an honour that. It is common knowledge that . It is a pity that. It is a wonder that. It is a shame that. It is no wonder that.,她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. it is 形容词+ that. It is true/ possible/ clear/ probable / likely.that. It is clear t
