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1、三.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,常用来引导主语从句的关联词有:who, whom, which, what ,when, where, why, how, what , who , which , , whether等及whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever, wherever,What she did is not yet known.,Who he is doesnt concern me.,How the prisoners escaped is a c
2、ompletely mystery.,Whoever you are is not allowed to enter the room at the moment.,What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别,what在引导名词性从句时，既起引导一个从句的作用， 又在该名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等 成份。而that 则不充当句子的任何成分。如：,What is needed is a change in land ownership. (what 作主语从句的主语)所需要的是变更土地所有制。,That the earth moves around the sun is known
3、 to all. That we shall be late is certain. (that 只起到引导词的作用,在句子中不充当任何成分.),It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。,It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.,It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.,用it 作形式主语的结构有:,1. It is 名词从句,It is a fact that 事实是It is an honor that非常荣幸It is common kn
4、owledge that是常识,同位语从句对于名词(多为抽象名词如 news, idea, fact, decision, request, suggestion, question )进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句.,1. 同位语从句的功能,四同位语从句,1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.,2) The order that all the soldiers should stay s
5、till is given by the general.,同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词面,而是被别的词隔开。例如：,2. 同位语在句子中的位置,He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中 作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的 that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充 当句中任何成分。,The news that he has been admitted to Bejing University is
6、 very exciting.(同位语从句,that不做句子成分.),The news that he reported yesterday is very exciting. (定语从句,that 在从句中做reported 的宾语.),2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 （同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。 （第一个that引导的
7、从句是定语从句，that在从句 中作宾语）,Practice time.单句改错,1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all. 2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet. 3.I didnt know that you will come. 4.He said that he is writing a story. 5.Could you tell me when will he arrive? 6.You can begin to see why does En
8、glish have such strange rules.,_ is,_ hasnt,_ would,_ was,_ he will,_ English has,Practice time:用形式代词it转换下列名词性从句,1.Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 2.Why he did the work is easy to understand. 3.That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. 4.He had won the first prize. We thought it
9、was good news.,Practice time:判断下列各句中的that是否可以省略,1.That she was chosen made us very happy. 2.She told me that she would accept my invitation. 3.She said that she would go there on Friday and that she would return the next Wednesday. 4.We think it important that you should do it at once. 5.I didnt tel
10、l him anything except that I wasnt be able to find my way back.,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it n
11、ecessary that you should read English aloud.,Task VII.表语从句中的that, because和why,The reason why she was late was _ he didnt catch the bus. She was late. Thats _ she didnt catch the bus. She didnt catch the bus. Thats _ she was late.,that,because,why,Practice :判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1.They expressed the hop
12、e that they would come to visit China again. 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all. 4. I cant stand the terrible noise that she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,总结(Summary) 名词性从句的定义 引导词的由来 名词性从句的语序、时态及单复数概念 名词性从句与it whether与if的辨用 that不可省略的几种情况 表语从句中的that, because和why 同位语从句PK定语从句,
