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1、摘 要 企业竞争力一直是医药产业界非常关心的一个话题。今天，越来越多的人们认识到增强企业竞争力是发展我国医药产业的关键。但是，在如何评价和增强我国医药企业的竞争力方面，不同学者之间有着较大的分歧。笔者以企业竞争力的经济学内涵分析为起点，提出医药企业竞争力评价体系，并应用国内外22家著名医药企业进行实证了分析。对医药企业竞争力评价体系的建立和增强我国医药企业的竞争力有着一定的理论和实践意义。论文共分四个部分。第一部分以企业竞争力的内涵在经济学和管理学的发展中不断得到拓展和深化的过程为线索，讨论了经典微观经济学、产业组织经济理论以及现代管理学对企业竞争力所作解释并对其解释进行了评价，在此基础上给出
2、论文中的企业竞争力的定义。第二部分对医药产业的概况作了一般性的描述。当企业竞争力理论应用于具体的产业时必须与这一产业的具体特点相联系，尤其是对于医药这样的特殊产业来说更是如此。在这部分中，文章从医药产业的特点、世界医药产业发展趋势以及我国医药市场的几大变化等方面进行了论述。第三部分在分析企业竞争力评价的内涵与意义、国内外竞争力评价体系的基础上，提出了本文对医药企业竞争力评价的具体观点和方法，即：医药企业的竞争力可通过营运能力、获利能力、发展能力、长期发展能力及抗风险能力进行定量评价，而这些能力可以通过财务报表的数据进行统计学的分析和处理而得出。根据这一观点，论文建立了自己的评价体系。第四部分是
3、数据的处理和分析及结果部分。在研究过程中，收集了12家国外著名医药企业和沪、深两市上市公司中最大的10家国内医药企业的财务数据，并按本文的定量评价方法进行了数据处理，从综合竞争力及组成综合竞争力的各种能力进行了评价。在此基础上，本文又用SPSS进行了聚类分析和因子分析。聚类分析的结果证明了文章中提出的竞争力分析框架的合理性，因子分析的结果证明了在分析过程中对各种指标赋权的科学性，这种结果增强了文章的逻辑基础和可信度。通过分析，我们发现与以往文献资料中常见的评价不一样的是，我国医药企业虽然在总体上与国外公司相比有一定的差距，但在局部竞争力如营运能力方面我国医药企业表现出相对优势。特别是哈药集团、
4、双鹤药业、同仁堂、复兴实业四家中国医药企业在竞争力排序中取得较好的成绩，分别代表了三种成功的模式，对我国医药企业的发展具有很强的借鉴和示范作用。关键词竞争力企业竞争力医药企业医药产业评价指标体系AbstractCompany competition is always a focus of pharmaceutical industry. At present, more and more people realized that its the key to develop China pharmaceutical industry to strengthen competition. Th
5、ere is also difference between scholars on how to evaluate and strengthen China pharmaceutical industry competition. In this article, we start from the economy concept of company competition, and then bring forward the competition evaluation system, 22 China and foreign famous pharmaceutical compani
6、es are analyzed, at last, we come to some conclusions, which will do good to the establishment of company competition evaluation system and to strengthen China pharmaceutical industry competition. Four parts are included as following:In the first part, the explanation of company competition in class
7、ical micro-economy, industry organization theory & modern management are discussed on the clue of development and advancement of company competition concept in economy and management, consequently, the definition of company competition is given and then explained.In the second part, the basic introd
8、uction of pharmaceutical industry is given. When company competition theory is applied to a specific industry, it must be related to the specific characteristic of such industry, especially for the special industry of pharmaceutical one. The characteristics of pharmaceutical industry, the developmen
9、t trend of international pharmaceutical industry & China industry pharmaceutical changes are introduced respectively in this part.In the third part, based on the analysis of concept and meaning of company competition and the evaluation system of China and foreign competition, the exact evaluation po
10、int and method of pharmaceutical competition are given as follows: competition can be evaluated by the operation ability, profitability, development ability, long-term development ability and the ability to resist ventures quantitatively, all of which can be got from account reports through statisti
11、cs. According to this point, evaluation systems are established.The fourth part is the processing and analysis of data and results. Data of 12 famous foreign pharmaceuticals and the top 10 China pharmaceuticals on Hu & Shen stock market are collected, and then were processed according to the designe
12、d plan, as a result, we come to conclusion upon the evaluation of comprehensive company competition and its components. Cluster analysis of SPSS also show that the reasonability of the competition frame, and factor analysis of SPSS show the weights of every parameter are scientific, which strengthen
13、 the logic and credit of the analysis. Through analysis, we come to the conclusion that its different from the old points, although there area some gaps between China companies and foreign ones in general, in some local competition, there are some advantages for China pharmaceuticals in some aspects
14、, such as operating ability. Especially the Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd., Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Tong Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd, Fuxing Shiye got better rank in the sequence of competition, which represents three succeeding mode and will have strong examples for China ph
15、armaceuticals development.KEY WORDS competition company competition pharmaceutical venturespharmaceutical industry; evaluation目录第一章 企业竞争力的概念及内涵1第一节经典微观经济学对竞争力的解释及对其解释的评价1第二节产业组织经济理论对竞争力的解释及对其解释的评价4第三节现代管理学对竞争力的解释7第四节企业竞争力的定义12第二章医药产业概述15第一节医药产业的特点15第二节世界医药产业发展趋势17第三节医药产业发展态势20第四节我国医药市场的几大变化22第三章企业竞争力评价体系23第一节企业竞争力评价的内涵与意义23第二节国内外企业竞争力主要评价体系25第三节评价企业竞争力的基本方法27第四节我们的评价体系29第四章 医药企业竞争力指数的计算及分析37第一节中外医药企业的选取
