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1、第六章：汉英句子翻译技巧（下）,一、教学目的：要求熟练理解句子的翻译技巧，从而在汉英翻译时做到通顺、准确。 二、教学过程： 重译法 语态变换法 无主句译法 翻译练习,7. 无主句译法,Chinese and English have different systems of subjects and predicates. Subjects in English are usually assumed by nouns, noun phrases or structures that have similar functions like nominal clauses, but in Chi
2、nese by a lot of other elements. The following is a list of the elements that act as subjects in Chinese. More can be got in the Note. nouns or noun phrases as subjects 春天过去了。一本五毛钱。工业和农业得到了大发展。长江一带是水稻产区。 (2) verbs or verb phrases as subjects 说比做容易。坚持下去就是顺利。专心地听才能听懂。 吃苦，他不怕。 (3) Adjectives or adjecti
3、ve phrases as subjects 勤俭是一种美德。甜滋滋的，挺好吃。,A. Adding subjects: Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance, (1) 你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。 Once you begin, you must c
4、ontinue. （amplification) (2)活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn.,B. Using the empty subject “it”: “It” in English is always used for weather, time, and some other natural phenomena. Some of the Chinese subjectless sentences describing natural phenomena or time can be translated into English sente
5、nces with “it” being the subject. (3) 十点钟了，他还没有回来。 Its ten oclock now. He didnt return home yet. (4) 下雨了，我们快走吧。 Its raining now; lets hurry up.,1 2 3 4 5 6,D. Translating into English “There be” or “It+be+to” structure (9). 现在很难说谁对谁错。 At the moment it is difficult to tell who is right and who is wro
6、ng. (10).除了枪声，再没有其他声音了。 There was no sound but that of gunfire. (11).在经济建设的实践中，已经涌现了大批的优秀人才。 There have emerged a large number of talented persons in economic construction. (12).不努力就不会成功。 There is no success without effort.,E. Translating into English imperative sentences,(13).请大声点！Louder, please. 此
7、处不准抽烟！No smoking! (14).中华人民共和国万岁！ Long live the Peoples Republic of China! (15). 忠诚党的教育事业。 Be loyal to the Partys educational cause. (16). 对什么人说什么话。 Speak different words to different people.,困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。 要制造飞机，就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 推荐我的是一位教授。 接见他的是一位秘书。 看树看果实，看人看作为。,课堂练习：请将下列句子翻译成英语，并体会无主句的翻译。,The
8、difficulties have been overcome, the work has been finished and the problem solved. Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured. I was recommended by a professor. He was received by a secretary. A tree is known by its fruit, and a man is known by his ac
9、tions.,参考答案：,中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。但是，双方同意，各国不论社会制度如何，都应根据尊重各国的主权和领土完整、不侵犯别国、不干涉别国内政、平等互利、和平共处的原则来处理国与国之间的关系。国际争端应在此基础上与以解决，而不诉诸武力和武力威胁。Translation,术语： 对外政策：foreign affairs 主权：sovereignty 领土完整：territorial integrity 内政： internal affairs 和平共处：peaceful coexistence争端：dispute,课后练习：,There are essential di
10、fferences between China and the United States in their social systems and foreign policies. However, the two sides have agreed that countries, regardless of their social systems, should conduct their relations on the principles of respect of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all states, non-aggression against other states, non-interference in the internal affairs of other states, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. International disputes should be settled on this basis, without resorting to the use or the threat of force. Source,Thank You!,
