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1、公路施工新技术,2004年12月,施工过程新技术,自检碾压机 移动式拌和楼 红外线摄影机 混合料传送机,不均匀密度的影响,同压密不够类似 增加剥落与水损 减少疲劳寿命 增加空隙率1%将至少减少10%的寿命,不均匀密度的位置,温差超过14C 空隙率增加2%,材料传递机,材料传递机 拌和叶片,摊铺之前的 再拌和,施工工艺自动化,计算机技术应用 卫星和激光定位技术 遥控技术 图控技术 机器眼技术 动态反馈和传感技术 人机对话技术,卫星定位技术,激光定位技术,遥控技术,遥控挖掘装载机,碾压自动化,多台碾压机碾压自动化,机器眼探测裂缝,机器眼安装路面标记,自动封缝机,图控技术,人机对话,遥控管涵安装机,
2、遥控挖掘装载机,桥梁除漆机器人,自动扫雪洒盐机,路面新技术,超级性能路面 玛蹄脂沥青碎石混凝土路面 永久路面,混合料主要特点,严格的材料选择,旋转压密机和体积比设计,沥青性能分级,以天气为基础,PG 64-22,Performance Grade,Average 7-day max pavement design temp,Min pavement design temp,The lower the number, the more resistant to thermal cracking.,PG- 22 - 28 -34,集料特性,基本特性 要求 coarse aggregate angu
3、larity (CAA) fine aggregate angularity (FAA) flat, elongated particles (F & E) clay content (SE) 来源特性 选择 toughness soundness deleterious materials polish values,100,0,.075.3 2.36 4.759.512.5 19.0,Percent Passing,Sieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.45 Power,级配,控制点,100,0,.075.3 2.36 4.759.512.5 19.0,Percent P
4、assing,control point,restricted zone,max density line,max size,nom max size,Sieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.45 Power,Marshall Method,19.0 mm,25.0 mm,37.5 mm,9.5 mm,4.75 mm,12.5 mm,AGGREGATE GRADATION Nominal Size: 19.0 mm SMA & 19.0 mm Superpave,Percent Passing,SMA,Superpave,19.0 mm Superpave,Insert I-7
5、0,I-70 Ndesign - 96 19.0 mm SMAVTM - 4.3,AGGREGATE GRADATION Nominal Size: 12.5 mm SMA & 12.5 mm Superpave,SMA,Superpave,I-8312.5 mm PG 70-22 Binder,First 12.5 mm SMA,I-68,热压密和紧跟摊铺机!,特性比较,Rut Resistant Durable Skid Resistant Reduced Spray Reduced Hydroplaning Reduced Sound,SuperpaveSMA,Decision Poin
6、ts for using SMA as the Surface Layer, 2000 ESALs per day 55 mph,永久路面路面设计概念,永久路面路面设计概念,抗疲劳沥青基层：通过厚度使拉应变最小,永久路面路面设计概念,抗车辙上面层,集料颗粒摩擦互锁： 轧制和粗颗粒 沥青胶结料： 高温性能和改性 空隙率： 现场4%-6%,永久路面路面设计概念,抗车辙上面层车辙试验验证 现场 加速试验,上开裂,华盛顿州永久路面,州际高速公路90号 47% 没有破坏 27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。,厚度比较,性能试验,车辙仪,车辙仪试验结果,路面噪音,FHWA -
7、Noise Abatement Criteria 67 dB(A) “this is not an absolute value or design standard, only a level where noise mitigation must be considered”,The Decibel Scale,Hearing Threshold,Conversation,Pain Threshold,Discomfort,The Decibel Scale,Increasing the decibel level by 10 doubles the noise intensity!,Co
8、nversation,Train,Chain Saw,隔音墙,Effective only for those in line-of-sight.,Do not reduce noise at source.,Effectiveness must justify expense. Cases: I-40, Knoxville: $25,000/home I-285, Atlanta: Requirements of 69 dB(A) and 67dB(A), 5dB(A) Nationwide (FHWA, 1998): $1M/mile,隔音墙,Conclusions, “In genera
9、l, when dense-graded asphalt and PCC pavements are compared, the dense-graded is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A)”,路面微观构造,67 dB(A),15 m,The Decibel Scale,A reduction of 3 dB(A) is like doubling the distance from the noise.,67 dB(A),30 m,- 3 dB(A) = 64 dB(A),Conclusions: “In general, when dense-graded asphalt
10、 and PCC pavements are compared,the dense-graded is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A)”,A 3dB(A) reduction corresponds to: - doubling the distance - reducing traffic volume by 50% - reducing traffic speed by 25%,Conclusions: “Open-graded asphalt shows the greatest potential for noise reduction for passby noise
11、. Reduction when compared to dense-graded asphalt ranged from 1 to 9 dB(A).”,A 9dB(A) reduction corresponds to: - a reduction in traffic noise by almost 50%!,OGFCsReduce Noise and Improve Visibility,Noise ReductionOpen vs Dense Graded Mixes,Source: NCHRP 284,DOTs indicate a strong need for pavement
12、noise control strategies. Proper selection of pavement surface is the best method to reduce noise from pavement/tire interactions.,What Can Be Done?,OGFC is the quietest surface type. (Wayson, NCHRP Synthesis 268) SMA has also proven to be a quiet surface. (Wisconsin DOT, 1993) Dense graded HMA surf
13、aces are quieter than PCC pavements.(Hibbs and Larson, Report FHWA-SA-96-068, May 1996),Effect of Pavement Surface,Noise Makes News!,Families Near I-275 is lobbying the Michigan DOT for sound abatement. In 1999, MDOT rebuilt I-275 with concrete. Residents contend the project has increase noise level
14、s. Levels have been registered upwards of 90 decibels. Steve Phillips of Berkshire, England-based TRL Limited spoke about Englands 10-year plan to install quieter surfaces on 60% of main trunk roads. The surfaces will be SMA or OGFC.,Summary,Highway noise is important to the public. Small changes in
15、 dB level are noticeable. Decrease of 9 dB(A) reduces noise by 50% Decrease of 3 dB(A) is like doubling distance,Summary,Noise walls can work, but: They are expensive. They dont work in all types of terrain. Source of noise is still there. Asphalt pavements can reduce noise at the source by up to 9 dB(A).,Hot Mix Asphalt,Summary,Asphalt pavements for noise reduction in order of effectiveness: OGFC SMA Dense-Graded HMA,PCC,
