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1、单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)语法精讲2一、指示代词this，these，that，those在这四个指示代词中，this意为“这”，these意为“这些”，指离说话人较近的人或物；that意为“那”，those意为“那些”，指离说话人较远的人或物。例如：This is my brother.这是我的哥哥。That is a blue cup.那是一个蓝色的杯子。These are her parents.这些是她的父母。Those are his friends.那些是他的朋友。当this或that作主语时，be动词要用单数形式is，后面的名词也用单数形式；当these或tho
2、se作主语时，be动词要用复数形式，后面的名词也用复数形式。当回答含有this或that作主语的问句，且this或that指物时，应用it代替句中的this或that；当回答含有these或those作主语的问句时，应用they代替句中的these或those。例如：Is that your pen？那是你的钢笔吗？Yes，it is.是的，它是。Are these his grandparents？这些是他的(外)祖父母吗？No，they arent.不，他们不是。【注意】(1)介绍某人时，用this或that，而不用he或she。(2)打电话时，说自己是谁用This is，问别人是谁用Wh
3、os that？例如：Hello! This is Mary.Whos that？喂！我是玛丽。您是哪位？二、单数句与复数句的转换单数句改为复数句是句型转换中的一个重要题型。将单数句改为复数句常遵循如下规则：1将单数句中的指示代词、人称代词、名词及be动词等变为对应的复数形式，如thisthese，thatthose，he/she/itthey等。例如：This/That is a pen.These/Those are pens.He is in China.They are in China.Im a girl.We are girls.2将单数句中的不定冠词a，an去掉(某些固定搭配除外
4、)。例如：It is an orange.They are oranges.This is a pen.These are pens.3单数句中的形容词、定冠词、副词、疑问词、介词等保持不变。例如：The pen is red.The pens are red.What color is the jacket？What color are the jackets?【注意】(1)作定语表示性别的单数名词在变成复数句时要变成复数形式；作定语表示性质的单数名词在变成复数句后仍用单数形式。例如：His friend is a man teacher.His friends are men teache
5、rs.That is an orange tree.Those are orange trees.(2)表示单数的物主代词在变成复数句时可根据实际情况变化，有时可仍用单数，有时可改为相对应的复数形式。例如：This is his ruler.These are his/their rulers.She is my friend.They are my/our friends. 语法精练.用指示代词this，that，these或those填空。1Whats that over there(在那边)?Its a bus.2Are these/those your pens?Yes，they ar
6、e.3Are those your pencils?No，my pencils are here.4Hello.This is Jane.Is that Peter?5Bob，this is my good friend，Mike.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。6Are those your sisters？(作否定回答)No，they arent7Is that a cup？(作肯定回答)Yes，it is8What is that？(改为复数句)What are those?9Theyre orange jackets.(改为单数句)Its an orange jacket.10Are t
7、hese your friends？(改为单数句)Is this your friend?11She is a nice girl.(改为复数句)They are nice girls.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。12这些是他的父母。These are his parents13那是你的朋友吗？Is that your friend?14那些电话机是什么颜色的？What color are the telephones/phones?15她们是我的姐姐。They are my sisters16那些是你的弟弟吗？是的，他们是。Are those your brothers?Yes，they are
