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1、第 2 讲 英语完形填空解题技巧点拨完形填空是一种综合题型，它测试了学生对空缺语篇的准确修补能力，考查了学生对词汇意思的辨析，对词法规则的灵活处理和运用能力，以及对生活常识和文化知识的掌握程度。 综观近年高考完形填空题，大部分都是记叙文或夹叙夹议的故事类文章。故事情节曲折、线索清晰、结构完整，并有一定的教育意义。1.利用逻辑关系解题尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的
2、选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。如：(1) 句中逻辑关系Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and_45_nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.45. A. mostly B. p
3、artly C. sometimes D. rarely(2) 句间逻辑关系在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash（束缚）. _13_, she encourages them to get better ways to do business.13. A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. WhileTher
4、e is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity. Many artists, _1_ would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the various areas of human activity.1. A. therefore B. however C. moreover D. otherwise(3) 段间逻辑关系这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。如：. Not everyone sees
5、 that process（过程） in perspective(客观地). It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, _29_, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit （集成电路）during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the me
6、dia was not immediately apparent.29. A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore2.利用语法分析解题完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如：A blind person wanted to buy scissors(剪刀). _51_do you suppose he asked for them?51. A. What B. How C. Who D
7、. Which_8_ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.8. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since3.利用固定搭配解题完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如：They couldnt read or w
8、rite. They didnt like to work and they never _12_ baths.12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. coveredI did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be _2_ but a failure.”2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing4.利用固定句型解题完形填空虽然注重
9、考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如：I havent had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and its several days _19_ I used a phone box.19. A. as B. when C. if D. sinceIt wasnt long _18_the police caught the thief.18. A. after B. when C. before D. until“Why _14_ you take a big man with you
10、? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”14. A. dont B. couldnt C. cant D. do5.利用复现信息解题语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。如：First of all, I respected his _3_ to teaching. Because his lectures were always we
11、ll-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotionI put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well
12、-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 6.利用跳读法解题一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。 对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。如：“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He_1_ up and looked around. A short distance away
13、, a group of_2_ stood quietly watching us. One of them _3_ walking toward us. We both jumped to our _4_ not knowing what to expect.1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D. assistants3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D. desired4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet7.巧用排除法解题在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。如：The woman looked carefully at me _5_ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.5. A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once againHe put the books int
