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1、优秀精品课件文档资料,Lesson 9,Against all odds,Introduction to the Text,This text is adapted from the biography of Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking: A life in Science, 2nd edition, written by Michael White and John Gribbin, published in 1998.,Professor Stephen W Hawking,Even as he sits helpless in his wheelchai
2、r, his mind seems to soar ever more brilliantly across the vastness of space and time to unlock the secrets of the universe. - Time Brilliant book! - Nick Donaldson, Bit Wrangler Extraordinaire!.,At eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his fathers old c
3、ollege. Stephen wanted to do Mathematics, although his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he was awarded a first class honors degree in Natural Science.,Hawking,Stephen then we
4、nt on to Cambridge to do research in Cosmology, there being no-one working in that area in Oxford at the time. After gaining his Ph.D. he became first a Research Fellow, and later on a Professorial Fellow at Gonville and Caius College.,Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the un
5、iverse. He showed that Einsteins General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered wa
6、s that black holes should not be completely black, but should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science.,H
7、is main publications,*A Brief History of Time *Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays The Large Scale Structure of Spacetime General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey 300 Years of Gravity,Hawking,Professor Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He is the recipient of many awards, medal
8、s and prizes and is a Fellow of The Royal Society and a Member of the US National Academy of Sciences.,“As I read his ideas about space, time, black holes, and the Universe in which we live, I was amazed at how easily he explained the exciting but often complicated subjects explored in the book. I l
9、oved how he brought such inspiring theories to the public with a unique wit and insight, making previously baffling concepts fun.”,“He is a man so brilliantly gifted that, despite being unable to use pen and paper, he is able to solve problems by constructing the necessary diagrams and manipulating
10、the complex equations in his head. He has proved himself to be an important force in the development of the science of Cosmology, and is believed by many to be the greatest genius alive today.”,Theme of the text,The text sings highly of Hawkings invincible spirit in struggling against the fatal dise
11、ase of ALS.,Structure of the text,Part 1 (paras. 1 3 ) about:Hawking was diagnosed with ALS. It was very hard for him to accept the fact that he was wasting away. Part 2 (paras. 4 10 ) about:The turning point in Hawkings life, esp. with the appearance of his wife. Hawking began to make miraculous ac
12、hievements with the support of his wife.,Language study,1. odds: difficulties eg: China has to overcome enormous odds in order to modernize itself We have to fight heavy odds to realize our plan.,against all (the) odds: in spite of great difficulties or problems; although it seems impossible e. g. ,
13、 this little-known man succeeded in becoming President.(very unexpectedly) Its a romantic story of love surviving . He struggled to keep his business going during the recession. Odds: the probability that something will or will not happen e.g. The odds are that my father will give his consent.,2. En
14、d up: to be in the end(in the stated place, condition, etc.),To end up (as) e.g. He ended up as the CEO of the company. To end up in e.g. Wasteful people usually end up in debt. To end up doing sth. e.g. Somewhat to his surprise, his son ended up designing the whole car and putting it into productio
15、n.,3. to affect:,to do sth. that produces an effect or change in sb. or sth. eg. This disease will not affect your brain. The war has deeply affected peoples daily life. *Compare: influence; effect,4. to remain (link v. ) + un(past participle of v.):,E.g: The food remained untouched. The article rem
16、ained unpublished. The letter remains unanswered. The door remained unlocked.,5. cut VP,cut off: separate by cutting; disconnect; block off or surround so that further movement out or in is impossible; stop the availability of (electricity, gas, water, or telephone communication) e. g. The poor girl had a finger by the machine. The soldiers were from the main part of the army. The country once cut itself off from the rest of the world. We were told that the electricity and water will b
